This study is devoted to the assessment of the regenerative potential of bone tissue in the peri-implant defect zone using bone substitutes based on β-tricalcium phosphate and bone collagen. The aim of the study is to determine the presence, localization and activity of pluripotent cells in the peri-implant defect zone to assess the effect of bone substitutes on the mobilization and proliferation of cells responsible for bone regeneration. As part of the experiment on sheep, peri-implantitis was modeled with the creation of a defect around the dental implant (DI) with its subsequent filling with bone substitutes based on β-tricalcium phosphate (the first main group) and bone collagen (the second main group). In the control group, the peri-implant defect was maintained under a blood clot. After two months, histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed, active proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent cells, pronounced expression of CD34⁺, NSE⁺, EMA⁺ and Ki-67⁺ markers were revealed. The results show that both bone-substituting materials are osteoinductive, biocompatible and promote the activation of cellular sources for bone tissue regeneration, and also have a positive effect on neoangiogenesis processes and the formation of reticulofibrous bone tissue. These data confirm the potential of using β-tricalcium phosphate and bone collagen in clinical practice for the restoration of bone defects in peri-implantitis.

Radiation fibrosis is one of the serious complications of radiation therapy that develops over a long period after exposure. The molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the development of this pathology take place at a much earlier time. Ionizing radiation changes the properties and functions of fibroblasts, the primary cells of connective tissue that produce extracellular matrix proteins. The study aimed to identify, using atomic force and fluorescence microscopy methods, patterns of radiation-induced changes in the elastic modulus of the pulmonary fibroblast surface, the level of collagen production by cells and their relationship following localized thoracic X-ray irradiation in rats and a 3-week post-exposure period. The formation of a dose-dependent mechanical phenotype of fibroblasts has been established, due to both changes in the structure of the actin cortex and the formation of stress fibers in the nuclear zones of cells. It has been shown that the formation of a radiation-induced mechanical phenotype of fibroblasts correlates with their collagen-synthetic ability, which suggests an internal mechanism of influence of the mechanical properties of cells in the nuclear zone on collagen production. The data obtained deepen the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of radiation fibrosis development.

To analyze clinical and instrumental features of the infectious process course in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and to characterize of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with multidrug resistance/resistance to rifampicin (MDR/RR), pre-extensively drug resistance (pre-XDR) architectonics and morphogenesis.

A prospective non-randomized study was conducted at the RSPC for Pulmonology and Phthisiology. 40 MDR/RR-TB, pre-XDR-TB patients (30 men (75.0 %), 10 women (25.0 %)) aged 34 to 61 years were included. The results of diagnostic material microbiological examination, clinical, chest X-ray examination of included patients were analyzed. The architectonics and morphogenesis of M. tuberculosis were studied.

Median (Me) [IQR] time to culture conversion in patients with favorable treatment outcome (FTO) was 54.0 [32.0; 83.0], with unfavorable treatment outcome (UTO) – 101.0 [86.8; 188.3] days (p < 0.0001). Significant differences in mycolic acid layer thickness were found when transferring from mycobacilli (12 [10; 12] nm) to rounded morphovars (30 [30; 37.5] nm, p < 0.0001). Mycobacterium surface stiffness coefficient was significantly higher in patients with UTO than in patients with FTO (Me – 58.3 [48.2; 67.6] pN/µm vs. Me – 7.0 [5.2; 7.4] pN/µm). The surface stiffness coefficient of the M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) strain, susceptible to anti-TB drugs, was 5–7 pN/μm.

Among bacillary mycobacteria morphovars there is a shift of mechanically rigid zones to the middle of the bacterial structure. Changes in the architectonics of mycolic acids, the appearance of forms with a rigid envelope may correlate with the virulence of mycobacteria and the clinical course of the disease.

The article presents the results of a population study conducted by the Oncoendocrinology research group based on the research unit of the Belarusian State Medical University on the task of “Developing and implementing a method for diagnosing medullary thyroid cancer and multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2A”. Initially, data from 658 patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) from the Belarusian Cancer Registry (BCR) were analyzed, a database of patients with MTC with a detailed description and analysis of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental parameters was formed. A database of patients with a clinical diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2A (MEN 2A) was also created, including 23 people. An algorithm for diagnosing pheochromocytoma (PHC), primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and MTC as components of MEN 2A has been developed, and instructions for use have been approved for the “Method for Determining Pathogenic Mutations of the RET Proto-Oncogene for Diagnosing Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Cancer, Pheochromocytoma, and Primary Hyperparathyroidism” (Reg. No. 017-0424 dated 13.12.2024), which sets out a method for diagnosing the hereditary form of MTC and MEN 2A syndrome in first-degree relatives of patients with MTC and the presence of pathogenic RET mutations. The method can be used in a complex of medical services aimed at diagnosing the familial form of medullary cancer and MEN 2A syndrome.

According to contemporary research, cervical carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process in which, alongside high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types, genetic determinants play a significant role. The oncogenic potential of HR-HPV is modulated by patient-specific genetic characteristics that influence key stages of carcinogenesis. Findings from several molecular genetic studies indicate that an individual genetic profile may either facilitate or hinder the long-term persistence of HR-HPV and the progression of precancerous cervical disease.

The aim is to investigate the impact of polymorphic variants of the IL6 (rs1800797) and IL6R (rs2228145) genes on the course of cervical intraepithelial squamous lesions.

The study was conducted at the clinical base of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with the course of advanced training and retraining of the Belarusian State Medical University, at the First City Clinical Hospital, Minsk. A total of 152 women of early reproductive age (18–35 years), with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial squamous lesions associated with HR-HPV, were included. Two groups were formed: Group 1 comprised 89 women (58.55 %) with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL; ICD-10 code N87.0), and Group 2 included 63 women (41.45 %) with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL; ICD-10 codes N87.1, N87.2).

Our findings suggest that the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1800797 of the IL6 gene may be associated with the risk of developing high-grade cervical intraepithelial squamous lesions. In particular, the heterozygous A/G genotype of rs1800797 was statistically more frequent among patients with LSIL compared with those with HSIL (p = 0.031; OR = 0.47; 95 % CI = 0.23–0.94), which likely reflects the anticarcinogenic effect of this genotype.

The antitumor activity in vitro of glycyrrhetinic acid and its combinations with modulators of cellular calcium metabolism and inhibitors of calcium-binding proteins was studied. It was shown that glycyrrhetinic acid dose-dependently suppresses the growth of glioma C6 and HeLa. Enhancement of the inhibitory effect can be achieved by combining glycyrrhetinic acid with A23187 (calcium ionophore), chlorpromazine (calmodulin inhibitor), cyclosporine (calcineurin inhibitor), U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor), ruthenium red (inhibitor of vanilloid channels of transient receptor potential and mitochondrial Ca²⁺-uniporter), which provides a more pronounced effect than the use of glycyrrhetinic acid and the above compounds separately. Tumor cells of glioma C6 and HeLa were more sensitive to glycyrrhetinnic acid, the studied modulators of cellular calcium metabolism and combinations of glycyrrhetinic acid with these modulators than normal cells of primary rat brain culture.

The aim of the study was to estimate the reflex excitability of motor responses of the bilateral lower limbs in athletes under single exposure to transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (tSCES) in the coccygeal plexus at the Co₁-Co₂ level and the post-activation effect of short-term noninvasive rhythmic electrical stimulation (rES) of the coccygeal plexus on the functional state of the spinal centers of the bilateral antagonist muscles of the thigh and tibial leg.

In 30 athletes aged 18-27 years, specializing in short-distance running, the amplitude of the MERs of the muscles of the thigh (RF – musculus rectus femoris, BF – m. biceps femoris) and tibial (TA – m. tibialis anterior, GM – m. gastrocnemius medialis) leg was evaluated at a maximum single stimulus force (90 mA) along the midline of the coccygeal plexus Co₁-Co₂ and the effect of 10and 60-second rES on the excitability of MNs of the muscles of the lower limbs caused by a single stimulus force at the level of the T11-T12 vertebrae.

A single electrical stimulation of the coccygeal plexus causes a greater reflex excitability of the motor neuronal pools of the extensor of the tibia of the bilateral extremities. The reflex excitability of MNs caused by stimulation in the coccygeal plexus is more pronounced in the spinal flexor centers of the thigh and tibial extensor of the left limb than in the symmetrical muscles of the right limb. rES of the coccygeal plexus leads to multidirectional changes in the excitability of MNs of the muscles of the thigh and tibial leg of the bilateral lower limbs: in some athletes, the excitability increased, in others it decreased. The post-activation effect rES of the coccygeal plexus, regardless of its duration of effect, has mainly, on average, a group of athletes, facilitating effect on the motor neuronal pools of the spinal centers of the antagonist muscles of the bilateral lower limbs.

The methods of registering the MERs of the bilateral lower extremities in response to moderate single percutaneous electrical stimulation of the coccygeal plexus in the area of Co₁-Co₂ and rES coccygeal plexus can be used in clinical and sports medicine, and as one of the methods of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in patients.

CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ regulatory cells (Tregs) are a special lineage of cells central in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. In this review, we have analyzed the available data on CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Tregs. We have summarized the basic information about the various subpopulations of Tregs, the mechanisms of their differentiation, their immunosuppressive properties and the possibility of clinical use in graft-versus-host disease. Now a significant knowledge base has been accumulated about Tregs and clinical trials of their use in patients with graft-versus-host disease have begun.