The cardioprotective efficacy of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPerC), remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC 10′), as well as their combinations, was studied under conditions of myocardial ischemia of varying durations. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion was induced by 30-minute occlusion of the left coronary artery, followed by a 120-minute reperfusion period, or by a 45-minute occlusion of the left coronary artery, followed by a 120-minute reperfusion period. All remote ischemic conditioning protocols presented in this study demonstrated a pronounced cardioprotective effect under conditions of both 30-minute and 45-minute ischemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. It was shown that the combined application of RIPerC and RIPostC 10′ under conditions of 30- and 45-minute ischemia followed by 120-minute reperfusion provides a cardioprotective effect comparable to that of each algorithm applied separately. Thirty-minute ischemia appears  to be more preferable for the development of new effective cardioprotective strategies.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to minimize  the nephrotoxic effects of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients with high risk of developing of acute kidney injury.

In a randomized prospective study, 60 patients who had undergone liver transplantation participated: 30 patients received combined MSC therapy (local intraportal and systemic intravenous administration), 30 patients received standard immunosuppressive therapy. In the MSC group, a faster recovery of graft function with an accelerated decrease in ALT  on days 7 and 10 (p < 0.05) was established with a significantly lower tacrolimus concentration at all follow-up periods  (on day 14: 4.8 (2.4; 5.7) ng/ml compared to 6.3 (4.2; 8.8) ng/ml in the control group, p = 0.005). The frequency of immuno- logical graft dysfunction was 20% in both groups. However, in the MSC group exhibited a lower rejection activity index  (RAI 6 (4; 7) versus 7 (4; 8) points) and no cases of humoral rejection. Analysis of the immunophenotype revealed  the formation of an “immunosuppressive window” by the 4th day of the postoperative period in the MSC group, characterized by a decrease in the absolute number of CD16+56+ natural killer cells and CD3+CD4+ effector memory T-cells with  an increase in the level of dendritic cells and immunosuppressive B1a-lymphocytes. The minimization of tacrolimus contributed to faster recovery of renal function with lower creatinine levels (p < 0.05) and higher GFR values (p < 0.05). The duration  of stay in the intensive care unit and the total duration of hospitalization in the MSC group were shorter.

When planning lateral subantral augmentation surgery, it is important to consider the anatomical and topo- graphic features of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, the thickness of which depends on gender, age, and the presence of posterior teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical and topographic features of the anterior wall  of the maxillary sinus in patients of different ages with varying degrees of edentulism, using sectional analysis of skeletal skulls and CBCT scans. Data from 496 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and sectional analysis of 254 dry skeletal skulls was analyzed. The results showed that the greatest anterior wall thickness was observed in men aged 45–54 years with premolars and molars, while the thinnest was observed in women aged 65 years and older without premolars and molars.  The data obtained from the analysis of CBCT and sections of skeletonized skulls are in agreement.

The aim of the study was to assess the likelihood of infectious complications (IC) in heart transplant (HTx) recipients receiving grafts from donors with a positive blood culture, as well as to evaluate the microbiological status of donors and the levels of inflammatory biomarkers and immunoglobulins. The study is relevant due to the need to improve heart transplantation safety and minimize the risk of IC, which remain one of the leading causes of postoperative complications  and mortality in the early postoperative period. 

A single-center retrospective study was conducted on 43 HTx procedures performed in 2024 at the Republican Scientific and Practical Center “Cardiology.” Donors and recipients were divided into two groups according to the results of donor blood bacteriological testing. The analysis included blood cultures for sterility, cultures from central venous catheter (CVC) samples, and left atrial tissue of donor hearts, as well as the determination of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and immunoglobu- lin levels.

According to the obtained data, a positive donor blood culture was not associated with an increased risk of IC in recipients during the early postoperative period. No significant association was found between positive CVC cultures and donor bacteremia, nor between positive donor blood cultures and the detection of microorganisms in donor heart tissue. The most frequently identified microorganisms were S. epidermidis and A. baumannii. Donors with positive blood cultures exhibited  significantly higher IgA levels compared to those with negative blood cultures, while other inflammatory markers and immuno- globulins showed no statistically significant differences. The findings justify the need to expand the sample size and further investigate the role of microbiological and immunological factors in the development of IC in heart transplant recipients.

Based on information from the international database The Cancer Genome Atlas, the methylation status of the RASSF1 gene promoter was studied in 57 non-small cell lung cancer tissue samples (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma) and 27 normal lung tissue samples. Promoter regions characterized by specific methylation profiles in non-sm all cell lung cancer, including various histological types, were identified.

The obtained data was then used to design primers for methylation-specific PCR, thereby confirming the feasibility of using the RASSF1 marker for tumor DNA detection. A methodology for detecting ctDNA in the blood plasma of patients with non-small cell lung cancer was developed using droplet digital PCR.

The aim of the work is to study the molecular mechanism of action of the drug “Alvostaz”.

The following scheme was used to evaluate the molecular mechanism of action of “Alvostaz”: to trigger inflammation and cytokine synthesis, cells were stimulated by the inflammatory trigger TNF-alpha (1 series of experiments), and to assess the biological activity of “Alvostaz”, cells were treated with a mixture of TNF-α and “Alvostaz” in different concentrations (2 series of experiments). The mediated effect of TNF-α on cells was assessed by the level of secretion of cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1, involved in the pathogenesis of alveolar inflammation and the maintenance of bone homeostasis. When inflammation was stimulated by TNF, fibroblasts dramatically increased the production of MCP-1 and IL-6. In the first series of experiments, optimal concentrations of the inflammatory trigger TNF-α and “Alvostaz” were selected, at which human fibroblasts remained viable and responded to inflammation stimulation by synthesizing cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1.  An increase in MCP-1 concentrations in the culture medium correlated with a decrease in the concentration of “Alvostaz”, which indicates the MCP-1 inhibitory effect of “Alvostaz”. Under the same conditions, the production of IL-6 by fibroblasts is exactly the opposite in nature compared to MCP-1. By itself, “Alvostaz” does not cause synthesis and secretion of cytokine IL-6 into the extracellular medium by unstimulated fibroblasts without the addition of TNF. TNF-stimulated fibroblasts demonstrated a decrease in IL-6 production in proportion to a decrease in the dose of “Alvostaz” in the culture medium, which indicates a correlation between IL-6 synthesis and the presence of “Alvostaz” in the cell culture medium.

CTLA-4 and MICA are common candidate genes for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). The data concerning the association of CT60 (+6230G>A) (rs3087243) polymorphism within the CTLA-4 gene and the short tandem repeats (STR) in exon 5 of the MICA gene with autoimmune endocrinopathies are distinct in different populations. This work was aimed to reveal the alleles and genotypes associated with a predisposition to AITD in children with T1D in Belarus.

We investigated the allele and genotype frequencies of CTLA-4 rs3087243 and the STR in exon 5 of MICA in children diagnosed with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 3a (n = 52), T1D (n = 95) and control group (n = 40).

A comparative analysis of the genotype distribution of CTLA-4 rs3087243 polymorphism showed that children with APS type 3a were significantly more likely to have the GG genotype compared with patients with T1D (OR = 5.06 (1.12–22.97)) and the control group (OR = 5.30 (1.04–27.12)). It was found that MICA-A5.1/5.1 genotype is associated with an increased risk of the combined development of T1D and AITD (OR = 3.65 (1.10‒12.05)). We revealed the association of the MICA-A9 allele with a predisposition to APS type 3a in girls with T1D (OR = 2.60 (1.17‒5.74)), especially with the most severe thyroid pathology: overt hypothyroidism (OR = 6.42 (1.70‒24.24)) and thyroid hypertrophy (OR = 7.78 (1.81‒33.38)).

The obtained data identify the GG genotype at rs3087243 (CTLA-4) as a risk factor for APS type 3a in children  with T1D; and the MICA-A9 allele – for AITD with overt hypothyroidism and goiter in girls with T1D.

This paper presents the results of studies of the features of adenovirus (AdV) circulation in the Republic  of Belarus.

A total of 1,218 wastewater samples and 2,383 samples of biological material from patients with various clinical forms were analyzed. This included 1,579 samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and 804 samples from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) recipients who experienced post-transplant complications. All samples were collected monthly throughout 2020–2022.

AdV DNA was detected in 297 (24.38 %) wastewater samples. The quantitative levels of adenoviral DNA ranged from 10³ to 10¹¹ GE/sample, indicating a high level of AdV circulation within the population.

AdV DNA (AdV F species) was detected in 85 (5.38 %) patients with AGE across all age groups. Among children aged 6–17 years, the frequency of AdV F detection reached 12 %. An analysis of the seasonal patterns showed that the frequency of AdV DNA detection in both biological material and wastewater increased from July to December, followed by a decrease from January to May.

As part of a study of the impact of adenovirus infection on the development of post-transplant complications in recipients of organs and cells, AdV DNA was detected in 13.92 % of HSC recipients. Of these patients, 54 % exhibited viremia,  15 % demonstrated persistent adenovirus infection, and 12 % exhibited multi-organ localization of the infectious process.

The molecular typing of 38 AdV isolates revealed the following genotypes detected in wastewater: HAdV1, HAdV2, HAdV3, HAdV12, HAdV40, and HAdV41. In patients with AGE, genotypes HAdV40 and HAdV41 were identified. In HSCT recipients, HAdV5 was found.