Taking into account the high medical and social significance of the problem of treating patients with coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction, the search for new effective methods of preventing or weakening ischemic and reperfusion myocardial damage and finding out the mechanisms of their implementation is an urgent task of modern experimental and clinical medicine. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis and clarification of features of the cardioprotective efficiency of postconditioning with lactate in ischemia-reperfusion of the myocardium in young and old rats and rats with transient hypercholesterolemia (HCE). It was found that remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) in ischemia-reperfusion of the myocardium has an infarction-limiting effect and is accompanied by an increase in the level of lactate in the blood, and lactate after injection into the bloodstream of animals at a dose of 10 mg/kg 25 min after the start of reperfusion leads to a decrease in the size of the necrosis zone in the left ventricular myocardium in young and old rats. However, postconditioning with lactate is not effective in limiting the size of the zone of necrosis in the left ventricular of myocardium in young and old rats with transient HCE. There is reason to suppose that hyperlactatemia takes part in the realization of the cardioprotective effect of RIPostC. The presence of such a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as HCE can serve as a criterion for excluding the use of postconditioning with lactate as a way to reduce ischemic and reperfusion damage to the myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

In the situation of biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) it is important to distinguish between local recurrence in the prostate bed and systemic disease progression. Conventional imaging modalities have a limited role, especially in patients with low prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. In recent years, the role of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) with PSMA-labeled ligands has grown, but there is currently no consensus on the role and effectiveness of the method in detecting local recurrence of the disease. The aim of the study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of 18F-PSMA‐1007 PET/CT in detecting local recurrence of prostate cancer. The study included 57 patients with BCR after radical prostatectomy, who underwent PET/CT with 18F-PSMA-1007 and according to its results there were no distant and/or regional metastases. Local recurrence was clinically verified in 53 (93.0%) patients. The sensitivity of PET/CT in detecting local recurrence was 58.5 %, specificity ‒ 75.0, positive predictive value ‒ 96.9, negative predictive value ‒ 12.0 %. According to multivariate analysis, only PSA level was significantly associated with truepositive PET/CT findings (p = 0.02). According to multivariate analysis, PSA level is an independent predictive factor of 18F-PSMA‐1007 PET/CT sensitivity in detecting local recurrence (p  <  0.05). In the subgroup of patients with a low PSA level sensitivity was only 20.0  %. Therefore, a negative PET/CT scan at PSA level <0.5 ng/ml is not a reason for delay the initiation of salvage radiation therapy.

The aim was to make a retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of patients with the complicated diverticular disease in combination with colon cancer. We analyzed retrospectively the medical data of 206 patients who underwent surgical treatment of the complicated diverticular disease for the period 1998–2018. Among them, 26 patients still had malignant neoplasms of the colon. The diagnoses were established using the instrumental diagnostic methods (colonic contrast enema and colonoscopy) and were confirmed by the intraoperative findings and the histological analysis. At the same time, in all operations performed, despite the cancer location and the complicated diverticular disease forms, the oncological principles were observed and the prevalence of the inflammatory diverticular process was taken into account.

Our aim was to conduct a comparative assessment of the health status of large for gestational age (LGA) newborns. 348 full-term neonates who were born at the Republican Scientific and Practical Center “Mother and Child” were examined. The main group 1 (Gr1) consisted of 58 LGA newborns from mothers with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1, the main group 2 (Gr2) consisted of 66 LGA babies from mothers without carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders, the main group 3 (Gr3) included 65 LGA babies from mothers with pregravid overweight or obesity, the control group (Gr4) had 159 newborns with the anthropometric parameters corresponding to the gestational age (AGA) from mothers without carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders. The negative impact of the mothers’ metabolic disorders on the newborns’ health status, functional state, and neuropsychological development was established. Babies born with macrosomia from mothers with DM were diagnosed with hypoglycemia, congenital pneumonia, hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal encephalopathy much more often (p < 0.001). LGA babies from obese women were characterized by polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal encephalopathy. Polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and toxic erythema were often noted in Gr2 patients. The cases of brachial plexus injuries and limb fractures were not registered. A slower rate of neuropsychological development was noted in large neonates in the analyzed groups, and was more pronounced in infants from mothers with diabetes mellitus and obesity. LGA newborns from mothers with DM had a high hospitalization rate at the intensive care unit, followed by the separation of mother and child and a lower breastfeeding rate in the neonatal period. Large newborns from mothers with DM and from women with obesity had a higher probability of adverse neonatal outcomes and a reduced health status in the neonatal period.

The aim was to study the analysis of cephalometric images of patients with distal occlusion of the dentition. The parameters obtained on cephalometric images were studied, divided into groups according to the principle of measurements (linear, angular) and their morphological affiliation (cranial, gnathic, dentoalveolar). Analysis of angular and linear cephalometric indicators of patients with malocclusion class II of the dentition made it possible to determine the mutual influence of cranial, gnathic and dental alveolar parameters. The position of the apical base of the upper jaw in the sagittal plane and the position of the chin protrusion relative to the anterior part of the skull base correspond to the average values of the age norm. The angle characterizing the relationship between the plane of the base of the upper and lower jaws is reduced. Angular parameters characterizing the ratio of the anterior points of the apical bases of the upper and lower jaws, the position of the plane of the base of the lower jaw relative to the anterior part of the base of the skull, the total angle Bjork is reduced. The position of the plane of the base of the upper jaw relative to the anterior part of the base of the skull corresponds to the average values of the age norm. The protrusion of the incisors of both the upper and lower jaws is caused by certain changes in their angles of inclination. Changes in the gnathic parameters of cephalometric images had deviations from the norm both in the direction of increase and in the direction of decrease.

A new scientifically based method for determining the right ventricle (RV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) uses the concept of a comprehensive assessment of the leading pathofunctional and hemodynamic mechanisms of development and progression of RV DD in heart failure, global heart remodeling. An independent examination sample of patients with chronic heart failure showed that this method has good reproducibility and high accuracy of 99.2 %.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a systemic chronic disease. One of the extra-articular manifestations of JIA are hematological changes. The most common is anemia. The aim of the study was to explore the indicators of the red blood cells and the state of iron metabolism in children with JIA, depending on the form and duration of the disease. A retrospective analysis of the medical history of patients was carried out. The study of the indicators of the red blood cells consisted in determining the number of erythrocytes, the amount of hemoglobin, the ratio of the number of erythrocytes to blood volume, the average volume of erythrocytes, the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte, the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte, as well as the distribution of red blood cells along the length in the form of the difference between the largest and smallest size of red blood cells and the deviation of the volume of red blood cells from the average value. The state of iron metabolism was represented by such indicators as the content of serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, latent iron-binding capacity of blood serum, total iron-binding capacity of serum, transferrin saturation coefficient with iron. In 18.7 % of children with JIA, a decrease in hemoglobin of less than 120 g/l was noted. There was a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte in 37.9 % of patients. As a result of the study, it was found that the decrease in the iron content in the blood serum is due not only to the true iron deficiency state, but also to the redistribution of iron reserves against the background of chronic autoimmune inflammation. In the systemic form of the disease, changes in the latent iron deficiency state are more pronounced. With a long course of the disease, normalization of red blood cell parameters occurs. The duration of the disease has no effect on ferrokinetics, which is due to the development of iron deficiency compensation against the background of ongoing treatment.

Osteopathy in patients with SHPT and CKD is one of the most significant consequences of this pathology, the diagnostic issues of which are an urgent problem of medicine. The bone mineral density parameters were analyzed according to the double X-ray absorptiometry data for 452 patients with different stages of CKD and for 50 persons of the comparison group, including the use of a neural network algorithm. A high prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with CKD was established, from 13.8 to 28.2 % in different regions of the skeleton, increasing with the aggravation of the stage of CKD to maximum values in patients with CKD 4, 5 and in transplanted patients. It was shown that PTH is an important, but not the only risk factor for a bone mineral density reduction in patients with CKD. It was justified to perform osteodensitometry in all patients with SHPT against the background of CKD; all patients with end-stage CKD, as well as those who underwent kidney transplantation, regardless of the level of SHPT. Osteodensitometry indicators should be assessed in all regions of the skeleton, Tsc of the lumbar spine and the total hip have a maximum importance.

Macroscopic, histological, electron microscopic, microbiological, and immunological methods were used to study the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in laboratory rats under the influence of quercetin and its complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. It was revealed that under the influence of quercetin, the wound was completely covered with the epidermis almost a day earlier than in the control, and under the influence of a complex with 2-hydroxypropylβ-cyclodextrin 2.2 days earlier (p < 0.02). This was mainly due to the acceleration of marginal epidermization. There was no positive effect on the wound contraction. Quercetin and especially its complex with cyclodextrin had a stimulating effect on the phagocytic and metabolic activity of neutrophils both on the wound surface and in the blood of animals. The bacterial microflora present on the wound surface during healing coincided with the microflora of the intact skin. Neither the quercetin, nor the quercetin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly affected its composition.

Laboratory blood testing is one of the most promising methods for determining the suicidal risk biomakers because some neurotransmitters and neuropeptides such as norepinephrine and serotonin can penetrate through the bloodbrain barrier. Three groups were formed: the persons who used the highly lethal methods of self-harm (PUHMS); the persons who made a suicidal attempt in different ways (PSA); the persons who experienced psychosocial stress and previously did not commit suicide attempts (comparison group, GS). The content of serotonin and norepinephrine in blood plasma was determined by the enzyme immunoassay on a Stat Fax 2100 spectrophotometer. The depression severity was assessed using the Montgomery‒Asbrega scale, the motivation to commit suicide was assessed using an analog scale. The highest level of serotonin and noradrenaline was observed in the PSA; in half of this group (50 %), depression was not determined, the motivation severity was statistically significantly lower than in the PUHMS, but higher than in the GS where the noradrenaline content in the peripheral blood was significantly higher than in the PUHMS. The lowest norepinephrine level was noted in the GLIVS where the serotonin level was within the physiological norm (the mean value is 60.4 ng/ml, the physiological norm is 50–220 ng/ml). In the GS, the serotonin level was below the physiological norm (36 ng/ml), and the depression severity corresponded to the PUHMS indicators, however, in the PUHMS, persons with severe depressive disorder predominated (PUHMS – 23.1 %, GS –12.3 %). The low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the peripheral blood may indicate the risk of committing suicide.

Cerebrovascular disease represents a threatening factor for brain cancer survivors. However, a comprehensive evaluation of small vessel disease related to gliomas has not yet been performed. This study aims to characterize concomitant vascular lesions in pediatric diffuse gliomas and identify their association with the molecular subgroup of tumors. We performed a retrospective pathological study of biopsy samples of 77 pediatric patients with diffuse gliomas, treated in Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology. Eight molecular subgroups were identified by immunohistochemical and cytogenetic studies (H3K27mut, ALT, IDH1mut, BRAFmut-PXA, FGFR1, BRAFmut/FGFR2, RTK, MYB). In each group microvessel density/area (MVD/MVA), tumor vessels co-option and signs of small vessels disease (SVD) were determined. The levels of microvascularization significantly differed between the molecular subgroups of diffuse gliomas, indicating the presence of intrinsic pro-angiogenic activity there. The highest values of MVD/MVA, as well as rate of hemorrhagic necrosis, were found in the BRAFmut/FGFR2, RTK groups. SVD was common in the adjacent tissues of gliomas and occurred in 32.5 % of cases. High grade SVD was associated with the BRAFmut/FGFR2 and IDH1mut subgroups. BRAFmut/FGFR2 tumors were more aggressive and caused cortical microinfarctions in 84,6 % and leukoaraiosis in 87.5 % of cases. IDH1mut tumors were mainly linked with cortical microinfarctions (60 % of cases). The results of the study suggest that concomitant small vascular lesions are common in adjacent tumor tissue and can significantly influence the overall rate of cerebrovascular disease in convalescents with diffuse gliomas.

The problem of treatment of the patients with deep frostbite is still relevant due to its great social and economic significance, which necessitates further research. In general injuries structure, the proportion of cold injury can reach 10 %. The variety of the pathophysiological cryotrauma mechanisms explains the treatment complexity, which leads to frequent complications and significant disability of patients, among them the persons of working age are predominate. However, the generally accepted practice of managing patients with deep frostbite has not yet been developed, for example, the effectiveness of various drugs for local treatment has not been substantiated, the timing and scope of surgical benefits have not been determined. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of wound coatings with chitosan nanofibers in combination with necrectomy on the 5th day during deep contact frostbite treatment. On the 5th day after modeling the standard deep experimental frostbites in 45 laboratory rats, the non-viable tissues in the cryopreservation zone were removed. For treatment of wound defects, the Mekol ointment, sterile gauze napkins, and wound coatings with chitosan nanofibers “Hitomed-wound healing” were used. Reparative processes in the frostbite area were assessed histologically, morphometrically, and statistically. The effectiveness of wound coatings with chitosan nanofibers in combination with necrectomy of the cryoinjured zone on the 5th day in the deep frostbite treatment was established.