In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of human olfactory mucosa-derived stem cells (hOM-MSCs) against the cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NKCs) are evaluated. It has been shown that the immunomodulatory activity is realized through a suppression of cytotoxic mechanisms (decrease in the expression of perforin, granzime B, CD107a), which eventually leads to a reduced ability to induce apoptosis in target tumor cells. The obtained results can be applied for development of biomedical cell products based on hOM-MSCs to treat diseases in which the leading role is played by the cytotoxic activity of CTL and NKCs. 

It is known that the treatment of patients with thyroid cancer includes a need for suppressive therapy with L-thyroxine. The most frequent complications of subclinical hyperthyroidism arising during treatment are cardiac arrhythmias and, in particular tachycardia.

The goal is to develop a prognostic model for calculating the development of supraventricular tachycardia in young patients (20–44 years) who were subjected to L-thyroxine suppressive therapy for a long time (more than 5 years).

A logit-regression model is proposed for description of an individual prognosis of development of supraventricular tachycardia depending on sex, heart rate variability (CV, SI) and a free thyroxine level. The estimated value of the prognostic indicator Y allows one to identify patients with a high probability of developing a disease and to reduce a dose of L-thyroxine, taking into account the target values of the thyroid-stimulating hormone. The work analyzes the monitored indicators related to a favorable or unfavorable prognosis of development of the disease. 

Based on our experience and the analysis of the available literature the article presents details of possible complications associated with surgical technique, the process of osteo-integration and wear of components of a hip joint endoprosthesis of original design. The data presented in the article show the high medico-social and economic effectiveness of the developed model of endoprosthesis. The risk factors of complications of hip replacement were identified, which must be taken into account in the implementation of preventive measures. It has been established that the main direction in improving the longterm results of hip replacement using an endoprosthesis of cementless fixation of SLPS is to improve its tribological properties. 

Hepatic fibrosis is a common result of different chronic liver diseases. Fibrosis is a dynamic process which can progress to complication, including cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Considering the significance of problem, the search for a new effective substance with hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects on liver fibrosis is an actual task.

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of fixed-dose combination (FDC) containing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) 350 mg and pentoxifylline (PTX) 150 mg on the development of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4 )-induced liver fibrosis in rats. The obtained results showed that FDC effectively reduced elevated serum markers enzyme activities, the hepatic hydroxyproline content, decreased levels of proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines. The histopathological analysis showed that FDC alleviated the severity of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 . A high dose of FDC had the most positive effect.

Thus, the obtained results suggested that FDC has a sufficiently high therapeutic potential, demonstrating antifibrotic, antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective activities on experimental liver fibrosis. 

The recombinant polypeptide rFс IgG containing the amino acid sequence of the CH2 and CH3 domains of the Fc-fragment of the human IgG γ-chain was produced in Escherichia coli. The polypeptide rFс IgG is an antigen with many linear epitopes for human IgG. Wild-type mice were immunized with rFс IgG to obtain immune ascitic fluids containing polyclonal antibodies against human IgG. It was shown that rFс IgG was highly immunogenic for mice and could be used to produce polyclonal antibodies against human IgG. It was revealed that mouse polyclonal antibodies slightly cross-reacted with human IgM, in addition a high variability of titers of antihuman Ig derived from different mice was found. To solve these problems, it was offered to assess the quality of material obtained after every immunization and to select suitable antibody samples with appropriate avidity, specificity and titer. 

The basophil activation test (BAT) is a perspective method for allergy diagnosis. However, the optimization and standardization of the method are required. The optimal conditions for the peripheral blood storage for BAT were established: the blood should be stored at room temperature (18–25 °C), and a test should be performed within 4 h after blood collection. The optimal positive control – phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was chosen due to effective basophil activation and low cost. The expression of molecules on both unstimulated and activated basophils was studied. It was shown that CD11b, CD13, CD69, CD107a, CD164 and CD300a molecules may be used to improve the BAT efficiency. 

The objective of the present research was to reveal the features of acute myocardial infarction in patients without violations of carbohydrate metabolism in the anamnesis complicated by the development of hyperglycemia and to create a mathematical model for assessment of the development of Diabetes Mellitus 2 types in the post-myocardial infarction period.

Results for examination of 185 patients with acute large-focal myocardial infarction (MI) without previous carbohydrate metabolism disorders are presented in the article. Patients with MI and hyperglycemia (HG) were characterized by more severe systemic inflammation, hemostasis disturbances and changes in the hormonal state than patients without HG. This was associated with more severe MI progression and more prominent changes in structural and functional cardiovascular parameters. The changes in patient outcomes and homeostasis parameters have been revealed depending on the dynamics of glycemia in the acute period of MI. We have developed a mathematical model for assessment of diabetes mellitus onset risks in patients with MI and HG. 

The objective of the study was to compare the level of plasma lipids in different genotypes of the polymorphic markers BsmI (B/b) (rs1544 410) and FokI (F/f) (rs2 228570) of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) taking into account the D vitamin content in persons with coronary heart disease (CHD).

97 patients (43 men, 54 women) with CHD were examined. The BsmI and FokI polymorphisms of VDR genes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction. Concentration of vitamin D (25(OH)D) in blood plasma was determined by enzyme immunoassay. A total cholesterol level (TCh), high-density (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG) were assessed by the colorimetric, enzymatic method.

A level of 25(OH)D blood below 30 ng/ml was found in 93 % of the examined persons. In the presence of the allele B in the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene, the levels of TCh and TG are significantly lower (p = 0.001) than in the genotype BB. With genotypes bb or Bb in combination with Ff or ff, the level of TCh in the blood plasma is smallest in comparison to other genotypes of polymorphic markers BsmI and FokI of the VDR gene. With genotype bb or bB in combination with FF, the level of HDL is higher (p = 0.048) than in the genotype bb or bB in combination with Ff or ff. In the presence of the allele B in the polymorphism of the VDR gene, the BsmI risk of hypercholesterolemia is 4.3 times higher than in individuals with the genotype bb (OR = 4.3, 95 % CI 1.3; 14.1).

In individuals with CHD and D-hypovitaminosis, the BsmI and FokI polymorphisms of the VDR genes affect the level of TCh and TG and the presence of the allele B with the BsmI polymorphism increases the risk of hypercholesterolemia. 

The combined effects of prednisolone and vitamin D on the rat adrenal histological structure was studied. The animals were administered with 5 mg/kg of either saline, or prednisolone intragastrically, daily over 3 weeks, or prednisolone in combination with vitamin D (at a dose of 800 IU/kg). The adrenals were fixed in a mixture of formalin-ethanol-acetic acid, embedded in paraffin and serial sections were made which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. It was found that although vitamin D was beneficial for normalization of proliferation and apoptosis of adrenal cortical cells changed under the exposure to prednisolone, it did not contribute to recovering of the gland size. Vitamin D in combination with prednisolone contributed to storing of lipofuscin in the reticular layer of the adrenal cortex. 

In XXI century the problem of chronic heart failure (CHF) acquired а global socio-economic character. The cardiovascular diseases leading to the development of CHF often occur on the background of metabolic disorders, make a major contribution to the structure of disability and overall mortality in Europe and the Republic of Belarus. One of the conditions that determine a duration and quality of life after myocardial infarction (MI) is concerned with the structural and functional characteristics of the left ventricular (LV).

The objective of the present research was to estimate the influence of abdominal obesity (АО) on some structural and functional characteristics of LV, as well as the development of maladaptive-type LV remodeling and the progression of chronic heart failure in patients after MI.

We examined 91 patient aged from 40 to 63 after MI: 82.4 % – men, 17.6 % – women. Sixty patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and AO were included into one group, 31 patients without AO – into another group. After 12 months of follow-up, the proportion of patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and AO who developed maladaptive prognostically unfavorable types of postinfarction LV remodeling made up 75.0 % vs. 9.7 % of patients without AO (F = 0.399; p < 0.001). The development of the maladaptive type of postinfarction LV remodeling after 12 months was accompanied by a decrease in myocardial LV contractility, low exercise tolerance as a result of cycloergometric exercise and a six-minute walking test, as well as by an increase in the functional class of CHF and in the number of the deceased among the patients with obesity. 

The objective of this work was to identify immunological criteria for the progression of coxarthrosis on the basis of studying the dynamics of general and specific immunological indices.

110 patients with coxarthrosis of I–IV stages were examined. The average age was 64.2±2.0 years. The control group consisted of 20 persons comparable in age and sex to the main group. Immunological examination included the determination of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, T active lymphocytes, IgM, IgA and IgG immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, autoimmune lymphocytotoxic and granulocytotoxic antibodies. Cell-specific sensitization to tissue and bacterial antigens was evaluated in the reaction of leukocyte migration inhibition assay (LMIA). Antigens of bone and cartilage tissue, synovial membrane and bacterial antigens – Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes were used.

In patients with coxarthrosis, an increase in the levels of IgM, IgA, IgG, autoimmune lymphocytotoxic antibodies and a decrease in CD3+, CD8+ and T active lymphocytes are observed. Progression of coxarthrosis is accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of IgM, IgA and IgG, which allows them to be used to control the severity of the disease course. Autoimmune response at coxarthrosis is characterized by humoral-type sensitization to bone and cartilage tissue and synovial membrane antigens, but progression of coxarthrosis leads to an increase in cell-type sensitization – towards the inhibition of leukocyte migration to cartilage tissue and synovial membrane antigens. Bacterial sensitization in coxarthrosis patients is revealed by both acceleration and inhibition of leukocyte migration to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes antigens, but while the disease progression predominance of hypersensitivity to bacterial antigens by a delayed type is also observed.

The main features of autoimmune response at coxarthrosis are the hyperproduction of antibodies and the signs of cell tissue and bacterial sensitization along with a decrease in T-suppressor lymphocytes. Progression of coxarthrosis is accompanied by an increase in IgM, IgA, IgG and autoimmune lymphocytotoxic antibodies along with a decrease in CD3+, CD8+ and T active lymphocytes. Leukocyte migration inhibition assay allows one to control the disease course by the type and severity of tissue and bacterial sensitization. Thus, a shift of acceleration of leukocyte migration to the inhibition to cartilage tissue, synovial membrane antigens as well as bacterial antigens of Str. Pyogenes and St. Aureus indicates an intensification of destructive processes in the joint, which requires an immediate medical correction. 

The present article has reviewed the literature data on enteropancreatic circulation of enzymes. The paths of pancreatic enzymes transport into the blood directly from the acinar cells or through the epithelial cells of the lumen of the small intestine and pancreatic ducts are considered. Experimental evidence of enteropancreatic circulation is demonstrated. It is shown that pancreatic enzymes can be taken up by the acinar cells secreted into the small intestinal lumen and reutilized. The homeostatic, digestive and regulatory role of circulative hydrolases is discussed. 

Anthenatal myocarditises develop in the period of pre-natal development of fetus. The leading role in their genesis is played by somatic diseases of expectant mother, placenta permeability disorder, mother and fetus immunity reduction, fetus pre-natal hypoxia. Fibro-elastosis or elasto-fibrosis is a compulsory morphological substrate. This is associated with the specific feature of the fetus response to the action of an inflammatory agent to the 7th month of gestation. During the mentioned period, fetus tissues cannot exhibit a classical inflammation reaction. As a result, a diffuse thickening of endocardium formed by collagen or elastic tissue is seen in the majority of fetuses. Owing to this fact, the presence of fibro-elastosis or elasto-fibrosis is a marker of early anthenatal myocarditis. At late congentinal myocarditis, a normal inflammatory reaction occurs.

The article presents the modern concepts of congentinal myocarditises of children, as well as the considerations of ethiology and clinical implications of early and late anthenatal myocarditises of children. The basic approaches to the detection, differential diagnosis and treatment of disease depending on the period of fetus infection are described. 

Currently, the methods of neuroimaging become crucial for the diagnosis of pathological changes in the brain. The children’s neurology and neurosurgery use neurosonography, X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance computed tomography for immediate visualization of brain structures. These are modern high-precision diagnostic methods that allow one to assess structural changes in brain tissues and determine the state of liquorodynamic space.

Visualization of brain structures is necessary at an early age, since a large number of newborns and infants have pathological changes in the brain, the identification of which fundamentally changes the nature of therapy. Diagnosis of various diseases in children is especially important in the early stages of disease, which permits one to determine the strategy and tactics of treatment and to apply appropriate therapy. The choice of the method of neuroimaging for children with brain pathology is determined both by clinical indications and by the resolving capabilities of the method.