Some allergic diseases begin in childhood. Most cases of atopic dermatitis and food allergies develop in early childhood. The intrauterine and early postnatal periods are the most vulnerable times in terms of immune system maturation and the formation of a predisposition to diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the immune profile of umbilical cord blood and breast milk with the development of allergic diseases in children. A total of 379 mother-child pairs were enrolled in the 3-year prospective cohort study. The following were measured in umbilical cord blood specimens and in breast milk samples (collected in one and three months after birth) using an ELISA test: IgE, sIgA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-25, TSLP, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL10. IgE levels in cord blood (р = 0.008) were higher and sIgA levels (р = 0.0025) in breast milk (collected within 3 months after birth) were lower in children who developed a food allergy than those in children who did not develop a food allergy. Children who developed atopic dermatitis were exposed in utero to higher cord blood concentrations of IgE (р  =  0.007) and IFN-γ (р = 0.017). In the early postnatal period they were exposed (within first month) to higher breast milk concentrations of IL-5 (р = 0.04) than healthy children. Thus, the data presented have determined a relationship between food allergy or atopic dermatitis manifestation in toddlers and intrauterine exposure via cord blood, as well as postnatal exposure via breast milk to higher concentrations of IL-5, IgE, IFN-γ and lower sIgA level. This suggests a high likelihood for immune programming.

Vitamin D deficiency is recognized as a global pandemic. The identification of the relationship between hypovitaminosis D, dental pathology, gender and age, and social status, and subjective health complaints may be necessary for a preliminary diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D. Given the limited body of research and the importance of therapy, the main purpose of this research was to develop a method for detecting hypovitaminosis D during dental appointments based on a comprehensive assessment of the dental, gender and age, social status, patient complaints, as well as an evaluation of the diagnostic information these factors provide. The diagnostic significance and informative value of dental status, somatic characteristics, and patient complaints in the diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D have been established. When one of the predictors of hypovitaminosis D is present, the probability of detection ranges from 51.70 to 89.00 %. The detection of two or more high-intensity dental pathologies in a single patient increases this probability to 77.89–92.00 %. The combination of dental pathology with demographic characteristics increases the risk of hypovitaminosis D to 88.69‒93.00 %. The concurrent presence of characteristic complaints increases this risk to 95.00 %. A probabilistic model has been developed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests for the presence of vitamin D deficiency without reference to laboratory research methods. A high degree of informative value of combined screening with the calculation of the risk of vitamin D deficiency has been proven

At the present stage of the development of medical science, no one doubts that dysregulation underlies many pathological processes. Endotoxinemia serves as a key factor in the pathogenesis of these processes, and its severity is largely determined by the state of detoxication function of the liver. The aim of this study was to clarify the importance of liver detoxication function and the severity of endotoxinemia in the formation and manifestation of central dysregulatory effects on body temperature. Experiments conducted on rats and rabbits revealed that the direction of changes in body temperature, as well as the nature of changes in catabolic and anabolic processes of the body under the action of E. сoli endotoxin, depend on the state of the liver detoxication function, the severity of endotoxemia, and the accompanying neurotransmitter, hormonal, and humoral imbalances, ensuring the interaction of various organs and systems. It has been shown that, depending on the state of liver detoxification capacity, the same dose of endotoxin can lead to an increase in body temperature, have no effect on it, or cause hypothermia. Additionally, under conditions of bacterial endotoxinemia, accompanied by elevated body temperature and increased liver arginase activity, the level of the amino acid arginine in blood plasma decreases. Furthermore, the liver arginase deficiency in conditions of endotoxin fever prevents the activation of liver detoxication function and the increase in body temperature. It was established that the ambiguous direction and nature of the revealed changes in the processes are largely due to changes in the properties of cerebral neurons, particularly within the cholinergic and adrenoreactive systems of the hypothalamic region of the brain. These changes are caused by the intake of arginine from blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid into the structures of the hypothalamus. The findings indicate that insufficient liver detoxication function and the severity of endotoxinemia are significant factors in the formation and implementation of central dysregulatory effects on body temperature. 

The aim of the study was evaluation of the characteristics of the immunophenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients after liver transplantation with systemic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy. A randomized prospective study was conducted involving 30 recipients. Patients in the MSC group (n =  15) received standard immunosuppressive therapy in combination with systemic application of MSCs, and patients in the control group (n = 15) received only standard immunosuppression. The analysis of the immunophenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed by flow cytometry with assessment of the main populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. The application of MSCs resulted in an immunotolerant phenotype, characterized by an increase in the level of regulatory T cells and B1a lymphocytes, a decrease in the number of effector CD4+ memory T cells and B lymphocytes, as well as a modulation of dendritic cells activity. The MSC group demonstrated a lower incidence of acute rejection (20 % compared to 33 %), lower expression of MMP10 in the graft, accelerated recovery of liver function, and the ability to reduce the dose of Tacrolimus without the risk of rejection. These results indicate the potential of MSCs to serve as an additional method of immunosuppression in liver transplantation

This study aims to explore the clinical and pathogenetic role of antibodies (AT) to glutathione peroxidase (GP) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using antigen immobilization technology on polyacrylamide granules with magnetic properties.
The study involved 65 patients with diagnosed SLE, aged 18 to 67, years who were receiving inpatient treatment. The diagnosis was verified according to the EULAR/ACR 2019 criteria, and disease activity was assessed using the ECLAM scale. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy individuals. The presence of antibodies to glutathione peroxidase was determined in the blood serum of patients by means of the indirect ELISA method, using polyacrylamide granules with magnetic properties synthesized by the original technology. The enzyme activity in blood plasma was measured by the Flohe–Günzler method. In the group of patients diagnosed with SLE, a decrease in enzyme activity was observed in comparison to the control group. The level of antibodies to glutathione peroxidase in patients with SLE was found to be statistically significantly higher than the level of the same indicator in donors. There was a tendency for the content of autoantibodies to increase with the activity of the pathological process. AT to GP were more frequently detected in patients with active SLE (ECLAM > 2). Among patients with SLE who demonstrated the presence of serum antibodies, enzyme activity was statistically significantly lower when compared to patients without antibodies. The highest initial antibody levels were also observed in cases involving of heart, nervous system, and joint damage, whereas the lowest levels were observed in cases of kidney damage. The dynamics of antibody concentrations were most pronounced in patients with heart damage, and statistically significant differences were also observed in cases of neurolupus, joint damage, and skin damage. In SLE, there is a clear tendency for plasma GP activity to decrease and the average concentration of circulating antibodies
to GP to increase with increasing disease activity. Treatment of SLE is accompanied by a tendency to normalize enzymatic activity and decrease the concentration of specific antibodies. Determination of plasma GP activity and serum antibodies to GP are promising biomarkers for assessing SLE activity

In the specialized literature there are some reports containing information about experimental studies in chronic pulpitis. In one part of them, extracted human teeth are regarded as a variant of the experimental model. In another part, either highly organized animals (dogs) or rodents, whose incisors are constantly growing, were used as a biological object. This does not allow for full reproduction of the clinical situation of chronic pulpitis. The aim of this study is to develop an experimental model of chronic pulpitis in an animal subject, specifically a rabbit of the Chinchilla breed, that reflects actual clinical conditions at various stages of development, the trajectory of infectious agent propagation, and the formation of inflammatory focus, thereby allowing for the study of this pathological process in dynamics. Research methods: descriptive, experimental, and pathohistologic. The proposed experimental model of chronic pulpitis using a biological object‒a rabbit of the Chinchilla breed, according to the stages of development, the path of spread of the infectious agent and the formation of inflammatory focus‒fully corresponds to the real clinical conditions of chronic pulpitis. Due to the sufficient size of the rabbit’s teeth, jaw bones, and circulating blood volume, it is optimal for the realization of material sampling when performing pathohistological and laboratory studies  in dynamics, both during the development of the pathological process and during itstreatment. This makes it economically justified.

Despite the continuous improvement of methods for the non-surgical and surgical treatment of peri-implantitis, the long-term effect remains problematic. Even with positive effects of therapy, relapse is possible. Hypovitaminosis D is recognized as one of the factors in the development of peri-implant pathology. The objective of the research was to develop a risk profile for the development of inflammatory complications of dental implantation in patients with hypovitaminosis D based on prognostic modeling. A model for predicting inflammatory complications of dental implantation has been developed using logistic regression. The final model included vitamin D levels in blood serum, anatomical and topographic position, age, number of implants, the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and somatic pathology of inflammatory origin. A set of predictors of inflammatory complications of dental implantation has been established, which is easily diagnosed in routine practice and can help in selecting patients for therapeutic and preventive measures. A model was developed for the prognosis and early diagnosis of inflammatory complications of dental implantation in patients with hypovitaminosis D. This model was developed using multifactorial logistic regression

This article analyzes the results of screening, diagnostic, and differential diagnostic colonoscopy. The efficacy of colonoscopy (sensitivity and specificity) in the diagnosis of colonic diverticular disease was determined in relation to pathological processes occurring in the intestinal lumen, its wall, mesentery, and other organs of the abdominal cavity and pelvis. The sensitivity and specificity of colonoscopy in examining the intestinal lumen were 87 and 83 %, respectively, while in examining the intestinal wall, they were 23.03 and 81 %, respectively. With regard to the efficacy of colonoscopies in detecting pathologies of the mesentery and other abdominal and pelvic organs, the results were null. Henceforth, colonoscopy is an informative diagnostic method for pathological processes in the lumen of the large intestine without radiation exposure. During the procedure, video recording with subsequent analysis can be performed, a biopsy can be taken for differential diagnosis, and the source of bleeding can be identified if present. Having said that colonoscopies have several limitations that reduce their effectiveness in cases of complicated colonic diverticular disease. These limitations include the inability to assess the condition of the paracolic tissue, mesentery, or other abdominal and pelvic organs; difficulty in accurately localizing diverticula and inflammatory processes relative to intestinal segments; inability to evaluate the extent of parietal pathological changes; impossibility of examining proximal intestinal segments in cases of stenosis or obstruction of the lower sections; and most importantly, the risk of intestinal wall perforation. Consequently, colonoscopies in cases of diverticular disease should be performed in strict accordance with established indications, which include obtaining biopsy material and identifying the source of the bleeding.