The aim of the study was to determine the range of maxillary sinus volume and linear dimensions in adults, taking into account the gender and the side of the location using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

This study used the CBCT images of 136 patients (263 maxillary sinuses), who were presented to Minsk health facilities, with dental and maxillary sinus pathologies, aged over 20 years with no history of upper jaw surgery and with the presence of upper posterior teeth (from the first premolar to the second molar inclusive). The height, depth and width of the sinus were

measured manually on CBCT scans. The maxillary sinus volume (V) was calculated by the formula: V = height × depth × 1/3 width.

The volume of the maxillary sinus was varied from 5.53 to 24.03 cm3. The mean values of the sinus width, height and depth were 27.13 ± 3.83 mm, 35.83 ± 4.36 mm, and 38.98 ± 3.38 mm respectively.

Despite a high variability of the maxillary sinus volume values, we did not find a statistically significant difference between the right and left sides in both males and females. The maxillary sinus linear dimensions and volume in females were statistically significantly less than in males.

NIRS provides the ability to obtain information about the brain oxygen status non-invasively. Therefore, potentially, this technology can make it possible to correct therapy that affects the blood and oxygen supply to the brain.

The aim of our study was to develop a guideline for a dynamic monitoring of the oxygen status based on regional oxygenation data, as well as an effective therapeutic tool for newborns with respiratory distress.

78 newborns with respiratory disorders were included (37 late preterm and 41 full-term) in this observational cohort study. In addition to a standard cardiorespiratory monitoring, a simultaneous monitoring of abdominal and cerebral oxygenation was performed during the early neonatal period.

The developed treatment guideline was based on a multisystem approach in diagnosis and optimization of the brain oxygen delivery and consumption. The proposed algorithm focused on maintaining an adequate perfusion pressure, cardiac output, oxygen, and carbon dioxide content in the arterial blood in newborns with respiratory disorders.

Implementing the developed treatment guideline in the neonatal intensive care units should increase the treatment effectiveness in newborns with respiratory disorders.

Implementation developed treatment guideline in the neonatal intensive care units should increase the effectiveness of treatment in newborns with respiratory disorders.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic condition currently subdivided into two groups: HAE due to C1-inhibitor deficiency (Type I) or dysfunction (Type II) (C1-INH-HAE) and HAE with normal activity of C1‐INH (nC1- INH-HAE). C1-INH-HAE is estimated to occur in approximately 99 % of cases HAE and is caused by sequence variants in the SERPING1 gene. The prevalence of nC1-INH-HAE is extremely low and accounts for about 1 % of all cases of HAE. nC1-INH-HAE currently subdivided on HAE, due to mutations in factor XII (FXII-HAE), plasminogen (PLG-HAE), angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1-HAE), kininogen 1 gene (KNG1-HAE), or angioedema of unknown origin (U-HAE).

The amplicons of the entire coding regions and splice-sites of 18 genes from 24 patients (18 female) belonging to 17 families were analyzed by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The median age of patients was 33.5, of onset ‒ 16 years. 15 patients had a family history of edema.

We identified seven C1-INH-HAE patients and variants were detected in the SERPING1 gene. For three patients (members of the same family), a heterozygous variant was found deep in the intron of the SERPING1 gene, which is likely to affect protein synthesis. We identified two patients with changes in the PLAUR gene, which may be associated with the manifestation of symptoms angioedema. Six patients showed abnormalities in the genes AGT and KNG1, which can probably explain their early hypertension, which could provoke the appearance of edema.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a perspective resource for cell biotechnology. However the question of chondrogenic and osteogenic capacity of MSC of different origin remains under study.

The aim of this study was to analyze the osteo-chondrogenic differentiation potential of MSC obtained from the bone marrow and placenta. The results of our studies have indicated that bone marrow-derived and placenta-derived MSC showed a chondrogenic potential in vitro after a chondrogenic induction with specific differentiation media. But for bone marrowderived MSC, the chondrogenic program was realized by expression of collagens (Coll2, Coll10), while in placenta-derived MSC cultures we found a progressive increase in COMP and Ver expression, so bone marrow-derived MSC is more preferable for use in cartilage tissue engineering. Regarding the results on alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining, bone marrowderived MSC showed a more significant osteogenic potential compared to placenta-derived MSC. Bone marrow-derived MSC in the composition of fibrin gel after osteogenic induction on the 14th day exhibited the activity of alkaline phosphatase, calcium depositions inside the cells and extracellular matrix, the increase in Sp7 and DMP expression.

In this article we analyze the bilirubin binding sites of human serum albumin from the point of view of the secondary structure instability, as well as the effect of amino acid substitutions caused by radiation exposure on the ability of albumin to bind bilirubin-IX-alpha. Based on calculations of binding energy and inhibition constants of bilirubin-albumin complexes before and after the amino acid substitutions, it was found that amino acid substitutions have different effects on the ability of human serum albumin to bind bilirubin. Amino acid substitutions Asp269-Gly269 (Nagasaki-1), Glu354-Lys354 (Hiroshima-1), Asp375-Asn375 (Nagasaki-2) reduce the binding free energy of bilirubin with human serum albumin, and the amino acid substitutions His3-Gln3 (Nagasaki-3) and Glu382-Lys382 (Hiroshima-2) increase it during molecular docking with the corresponding areas of the protein surface. The inhibition constants are significantly higher than with known binding sites. In general, mutations caused by radiation exposure cannot effect on bilirubin binding sites of human serum albumin, since the amino acid residues that are replaced do not interact with the amino acid residues from the binding sites (Leu115, Arg117, Phe134, Tyr138, Ile142, Phe149, Phe157, Tyr161, Arg186, Lys190, Lys240, Arg222). All amino acid residues from known binding sites are located in stable elements of the secondary structure of human serum albumin.

The data obtained are important for understanding the impact of radiation exposure on the development of bilirubin encephalopathy in the population of the Chernobyl region and Japan.

The anterolateral ligament is a rotational stabilizer of the knee joint. It is not always clear what we actually see on MRI in the area of anterolateral ligament (ALL).

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ALL variants on MRI images to summarize their common features and differences, and to try to find an explanation for the phenomenon of the ALL variability.

200 series of MRI images of knee joints were analyzed. The presence of the ALL, the number of its layers, the relation to the joint capsule, and other anatomical features were assessed.

The ALL was visualized on MRI at least partially in 88 % of cases. At least partially two-layer structure was detected in 68 % of all 200 MRI series. The wavy appearance of the certain portions of the anterolateral ligament was observed in some normal knee joints without a history of injuries.

Determined that the ALL is a separate anatomical element of the knee joint that has a variable, but in most cases two-layered, anatomical structure and can be detected on MRI in at least 88 % of cases. Axial sections help to identify ALL in complex cases and allow analyzing its anatomy, but adding little in the diagnosis of ALL injury.

The cytomorphological profile of nasal epithelium in children with acute and chronic respiratory disorders was characterized. The redistribution of nasal ciliary epithelial cells in favor of the mucus-secreting (goblet) cells was observed (group with acute respiratory infection – ratio 2.3:1; group with chronic lung disease – 1:2.4) with normal values of these indicators 5:1 (control group). The mucosal metaplasia, against a background of local leukocyte infiltration, was detected among 28 patients (64.29 %). Using atomic force microscopy, the pathomorphosis of the cytoplasmic membrane ciliated epithelium was described, which characterized by the changes in roughness parameters (R_a, R_q, R_sk, R_max, R_sk) and waviness (W_a) in group with chronic lung disease (R_a – 34.94 ± 7.8 nm, R_q – 41.26 ± 7.5, R_max – 225.55 ± 44.43, R_sk – 1,2, W_a – 43.23 ± 12.4 nm) compared with control group (R_a – 7.22 ± 1.94 nm, R_q – 11.43 ± 1.83, R_max – 111.83 ± 29.26, R_sk – 0.33, W_a – 83.81 ± 29.55 nm). Several deviations in microgeometry of the cilia form factor were revealed, which associated with formation of abnormally long cilia (10–12 μm), decreasing (0.095–0.15 μm) and/or a thickening (0.3–0.4 μm) of their diameter, as well as spatial disorientation like the “corkscrew twisting”. Based on the electron microscopic analysis, anomalies in external dynein arms of the cilia axoneme were revealed, which made it possible to confirmed in two patients the hereditary respiratory pathology.

The aim of this study is to study the effect of dark deprivation on the ultrastructure of epidermal keratinocytes. Electron microscopic evaluation of the status of keratinocytes of the epidermis of the skin of white outbred rats with dark deprivation. For morphometric evaluation of the production capacity of counting the number of granules per 100 μm2. Using the application program ImageScopeM determines the average and equivalent indicators of lamellar bodies (μm), as well as their perimeter (μm); the average area of one section of the lalellar body (μm2); roundness coefficient and average relative electronic number of lamellar bodies.

Electron microscopic analysis of keratinocytes revealed significant changes in their ultrastructure, which are due to the influence of desynchronosis. Maximum transformations were observed in Odland granules (lamellar bodies). Thus, the morphometric assessment revealed changes in the number (increase), their size (decrease), as well as in the distribution of lamellar plaques in them.

With desynchronosis, significant changes in the ultrastructure of keratinocytes are observed. This indicates significant systemic disorders of the epidermis as a whole. In this transformation, there are cells of a special prickly and granular layer, in particular, lamellar bodies.

The paper presents the analysis of a study of children with secondary encephalitis, depending on the beginning of the acute period of which more than 6 months – a year has passed, the degree of neurological disorders, neuroimaging comparison and prediction depending on these indicators for timely neurometabolic therapy.

The purpose of our study was to study the complex prognosis of the consequences of secondary encephalitis in children. We observed 58 children with a consequence of encephalitis.

The total number of girls is 37 %, boys are 63 % which are the main group of patients. The control group of children are healthy identical in age 3‒10 years. All children admitted to the hospital underwent a standard examination, anamnesis, clinical and neurological examination, and neuroimaging (MRI, CT) studies. In addition, all children were determined on electromyography somatosensory evoked potential, including at admission, as well as at discharge.

The results of our study revealed that the prognosis only for clinical and neurological disorders gives 66.2 %, with the addition of neuroimaging assessment increased to 79 %, and meningial-somatosensory indicators still increases the forecast by 12 %, which is very important for timely neurometabolic therapy. In turn, the prognosis of the outcome of encephalitis in children will allow timely reduction of residual neurological manifestations.

It is known, that diabetes mellitus has a significant impact on the growth and development of the fetus. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy increases significantly the incidence of congenital malformations, perinatal morbidity and neonatal mortality. Over the past decades has been a steady increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus both in the general population and among pregnant women. In this regard, the study of the influence of diabetes mellitus in the mother on the condition of the fetus and newborn is today a relevant problem of obstetric-gynecological, neonatological and pediatric services. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy has the greatest effect on the fetal cardiovascular system. Diabetes mellitus of the mother causes an increase in the frequency of congenital heart defects in the newborn, myocardial hypertrophy, as well as various functional disorders of the cardiovascular system.

This review mainly discusses the pathogenetic aspects and molecular mechanisms of the effect of hyperglycemia on the development of the fetal heart, provides an assessment of clinical, echocardiographic and some laboratory changes in the functioning of the cardiovascular system in newborns from mothers with diabetes mellitus, and also systematizes data on the relationship between maternal diabetes and the risks of cardiovascular disease in their children in the long term.

Treatment of chronic dystrophic diseases of the ocular surface always requires concomitant correction of severe dry eye disease (DED). The purpose of this publication was to analyze the literature data illustrating the current trends in the development of drug therapy for severe dry eye disease of non-Shegren’s etiology.

The search for thematic publications was carried out in the PubMed database. The query “(dry-eye-disease AND treatment) NOT Sjögren” (filter: clinical trials, randomized controlled clinical trials, meta-analyzes) found 56 results since 2019.

The review included 11 publications describing the results of clinical studies of the effectiveness of drug methods in the treatment of severe DED.

In the treatment of severe DED, the prevailing direction of research is the relief of inflammation in the ocular surface tissues. Among the non-steroidal immunomodulatory drugs, the majority of studies were dedicated to cyclosporine, including its nanoemulsion form, diquafosol and bevacizumab. Their effectiveness and safety have been proven. In the Republic of Belarus, there is no unified approach to the management of patients with severe and comorbid DED. The main focus is on the activation of regenerative processes. Platelet rich plasma and subconjunctival administration of low molecular weight sodium hyaluronate demonstrated high efficiency.

The injection of exogenous analogues of glucocorticoid hormones (cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, etc.) leads to a change in thyroid function at all levels (biosynthesis and secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland, the transport, interaction with receptors in target organs, biological action, their metabolism and excretion). Glucocorticoid hormones change regulationof the thyroid function: transhypophysially (glucocorticoids block the secretion of thyroliberin, thyroid stimulating hormone, corticotropin releasing hormone, somatoliberin and the production of somatotropin under the influence of the last one) and parahypophysially (glucocorticoids stimulate formation of insulin in β-cells of the pancreas).