Адаптация сердечно-сосудистой системы младенцев, рожденных матерями с сахарным диабетом

По данным статистики, сахарный диабет (СД) осложняет от 2 до 3 % всех беременностей. Несмотря на относительно небольшой процент распространенности в общей популяции, СД в период беременности оказывает существенное влияние на рост и развитие плода и ассоциирован с повышенным риском врожденных пороков развития, увеличением частоты перинатальной заболеваемости и смертности. Наибольшее влияние гипергликемия в период беременности оказывает на сердечно-сосудистую систему плода, вызывая увеличение частоты врожденных пороков сердца на ранних этапах эмбрионального развития и различного рода структурные и функциональные изменения в растущем сердце во втором и третьем триместрах беременности.

В данном обзоре систематизированы данные научной литературы о патогенетических аспектах и молекулярных механизмах влияния гипергликемии на развитие сердца плода с целью оценить клинические, эхокардиографические и некоторые лабораторные изменения функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей, рожденных матеря- ми с СД, а также проследить имеющиеся в литературе данные о связи между диабетом матери, диагностированным до или во время беременности, и отдаленными рисками возникновения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у их детей.

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