Promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is one of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation disturbance of gene expression and is often observed in different cancer types. The profile of mutational and epigenetic changes characterizes a malignant potential of a tumor, as well as its ability to invade and metastasize.

The aim of the study was to determine a prognostic value of p16, p14ARF and TIMP3 gene methylation in the group of 158 bladder cancer patients. Epigenetic changes in these genes were observed with a frequency of 11.4, 0 and 10.8 %, respectively, and did not depend on clinic-morphological characteristics.

A statistically significant association of p16 and TIMP3 abnormal methylation with smoking was found, indicating a possible influence of tobacco smoke carcinogens on the occurrence of these epigenetic changes. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, p16 promoter hypermethylation was an independent predictor for bladder cancer progression (HR 6.84; 95 % CI 1.6–29.9; р = 0.011).

The use of the data on the p16 methylation status may improve the accuracy of prognosis of the bladder cancer clinical course and the selection of appropriate treatment strategy.

The authors of the article studied the results of treatment of 66 patients with an unstable tendon of the long head of the biceps treated for the period from 2004 to 2017. In the study, patients, depending on a diagnosed type of the instability of the tendon of the long head of the biceps according to the Bennet classification (2003), were divided into 5 groups. The task put forward by the researchers consisted in the formation of tactical approaches, taking into account the type of damage to a rotary-bicepital complex for the various-type instability of the tendon of the long head. In the treatment of patients of groups 1 and 2, a course of conservative therapy was prescribed. Patients of groups 3–5 were recommended surgical treatment using the arthroscopy and methods developed by the authors. With the use of the tactical approaches and methods developed by the authors, it was possible to improve objective indicators of joint functions and subjective sensations of patients.

The purpose of our study is to assess the impact of cardiac arrhythmias, heart rhythm variability in patients with ischemic heart disease, obstructive sleep apnea and primary snoring. 65 patients at an age of 40–68 years with ischemic heart disease, obstructive sleep apnea and primary snoring were researched.

Obstructive sleep apnea and primary snoring lead to an increase in the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system on the sinus node in patients with ischemic heart disease, obstructive sleep apnea and primary snoring.

Male rats were exposed to emotional stress and had an excessive amount of phytoestrogens with the mother’s milk (from 3 to 22 days of life) and were examined at an age of 10 months. Animals had an excess body weight through an increased weight of visceral fat, changes in protein and lipid metabolism (increased total cholesterol and triglycerides), impaired pro/antioxidant balance. These males had a decreased level of testosterone and impaired spermatogenesis (less total sperm concentration and less concentration of morphologically normal gametes) with the formation of defective spermatozoa. Also, the violations of the sexual behavior and the worst fertilization of females were found. More than a two-fold increase of intrauterine losses in these pregnant females was noted. Due to such changes, the reproductive potential (Fi ) in these males was reduced by half compared to the control level.

The effectiveness of application of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles activated by europium (NPs GdVO4 :Eu3+), as part of a hydrogel or a pharmacological composition (0.33 mg/kg of body mass, 70 days) for correction of male reproductive function disorders was studied. As reference preparations, tribestane (68 mg/kg) or spemane (168 mg/kg) was used. After the treatment, the results of spermatogenesis, testosterone production and fertility of the main group of males became better. Due to the reduction of embryonic losses, the reproductive potential index was normalized. NPs normalized the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol, arginine in the serum, as well as the transaminase activity in the liver. An increase in the weight and gonadotropic activity of hypophysis of the treated males were found, indicating a possible effect of NPs on the central regulatory mechanism of the reproductive function. The higher biological activity of NPs in the hydrosol composition was found, which can be explained by the introduction of auxiliary substances into the pharmacological composition that affects the physicochemical properties of NPs GdVO4 :Eu3+ and their biological activity.

Survival was cardinally increased after introducing Imatinib into the first line of therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in children. However primary or second resistance was observed in 20–30 % of patients. For the purpose of detection of prognostic factors, a minimal residual disease was monitored in 22 patients at an age of 0–17 years. Furthermore, different variants of BCR/ABL transcript were identified. The results showed that patients with an early major molecular response and a b3a2 variant of the BCR/ABL transcript had significantly better results of treatment. In conclusion, a regular monitoring of a deep molecular response and a further correction of therapy allowed one to increase long-term overall survival in children with CML.

The objective of this study is to devise a prognostic classification of AKI in the postoperative period based on preoperative factors for patients after partial nephrectomy for renal masses in the solitary kidney (SK). This method will allow identifying patients in a high risk group and reducing this unfavorable postoperative outcome by a careful treatment planning.

We present a series of 136 patients with SK tumor who underwent open partial nephrectomy in situ performed at the N. N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus in 2000–2016. 

During the early postoperative period, AKI occurred in 28 (20.6 %) patients. Three risk factors associated with a risk of developing AKI were included in the multivariate analysis: categorized risk factors such as tumor size and serum potassium and dichotomous – multifocality. On the basis of the multivariant model presented, 3 risk factors were assigned a weighted score. Depending on the score, the cohort of patients was divided into 3 groups. Patients with a score from 0 to 2 were classified as a low-risk group, 3 points – an intermediate-risk group and ≥4 points – a high-risk group with the development of AKI in the postoperative period.

The devised prognostic classification allows one during the preoperative period with a predictive accuracy of 82.3 % to determine a risk of development of AKI after partial nephrectomy of SK. In the low-risk group, the probability of developing AKI after surgery is 5.6 %, in the intermediate-risk group – 2.9 %, in the high-risk group – 68.2 % (р < 0.001).

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors in children with a poor prognosis at the IV stage. A common marker of neuroblastoma is a high expression of tyrosine hydroxylase.

DNA vaccination is a concomitant method of treatment of oncological diseases that are characterized by a high probability of long-term remission and a risk of subsequent relapse.

The antinociceptive effect of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), stearoyl- ethanolamide (SEA) and sodium diclofenac in experimental peripheral neuropathy in rats was studied. Intraperitoneal administration of PEA one hour prior to stimulation on the 7th and 14th day significantly weakened CCI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia by increasing PNR by 23.1 and 31.8 %, respectively. SEA under similar conditions increased PNR by 27.9 and 30.3 %, while diclofenac – by 29.0 and 26.2 %. New data were obtained and pointed that stearoylethanolamide effectively weakens mechanical hyperalgesia caused by neuropathy. The antinociceptive effects of these fatty acid derivatives in the modeling of neurogenic pain syndrome are comparable to those of sodium diclofenac. It seems advisable to consider PEA and SEA as a basis for drugs, whose addition to treatment regimens of neuropathic pain will increase its effectiveness.

The present work studied the changes in the frequency of caesarean sections and established the dynamics of frequency of planned and urgent caesarean sections, the structure of caesarean section in the mother’s interests, and also the level of caesarean section for the reason of insolvency of uterus cicatrix for the period of 2001–2011 at the Kiev Municipal Maternity Hospital no. 1.

The increase in the frequency of caesarean sections is marked. The positive dynamics of growth of planned operative interferences frequency attracts attention. For the studied period, the level of frequency of caesarean sections for the reason of uterus cicatrix insolvency increased 4.7 times.

A complex histological, histochemical and electron microscopic study of the state of the microcirculatory bed of the pancreas and conjugate transformations in the parenchyma of the organ after modeling the metabolic syndrome using a diet high in fats and carbohydrates was carried out. Spasm of arterioles, the marginal state of leukocytes and the desquamation of endotheliocytes into the lumen of a vessel, the stasis of erythrocytes in capillaries were revealed. The endothelial cells of capillaries had signs of increased transport of substances through the vessel walls: pinocytosis, fenestration, loosening of basal membranes. It was observed that capillaries are filled with shaped blood elements, on the luminal surface of endotheliocytes nuclei are protruded and the cytoplasm outgrowth into the lumen of the vessel is formed. At the same time, glucose oxidation accelerated both in the Krebs cycle and along the glycolytic pathway in the endotheliocytes of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed, indicating that the energy was supplied to the cells at a higher level. Disturbances of microcirculation were accompanied by focal destructive and inflammatory changes in the parenchyma of the organ.

The aim of the work is to determine the most effective and safe approach to treatment of patients with combined pathologies of the carotid and coronary arteries.

For the period from 2006 to 2016 in the RSPC “Cardiology” was operated on 207 patients with concomitant pathologies of the carotid and coronary arteries. Clinical data of patients included: angina of FC III, chronic heart failure NYHA III, one – or 2-sided lesions of the internal carotid artery, chronic arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease. Оne-stage correction was performed in patients in cases of concominant pathology of carotid and coronary arteries to reduce the number of perioperative complications and mortality: carotid endarterectomy combined with heart operation. Coronary artery bypass grafting was supplemented by correction of the valvular apparatus and/or left ventricular aneurysm plasty in identifying the relevant evidence.

We have analyzed the results of surgical correction of abnormalities of the coronary and carotid arteries combined with their defeat. It was shown the safety and effectiveness of tactical approach in the group of concomitant lesions in both arterial basins. Mortality and postoperative complications did not exceed those in patients operated just about ischemic heart disease (mortality of 2.9 %). This fact allows the authors to make a conclusion about the legality of the use of this tactic, with good immediate results.

A positive result is obtained with the simultaneous approach in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease and pathology of the carotid artery

The article presents the modern data on the most important component of natural immunity – cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. The questions of origin, the spectrum of expressed markers of differentiation, the classification of monocytes (classical, intermediate, non-classical), macrophages (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) and dendritic cells (myeloid, plasmacytoid), their immunobiological functions, their role in humoral and T-cell immune responses, anergy and tolerance are considered. The possibility of obtaining cellular immunobiological products (adjuvant and tolerogenic) for immunotherapy of oncological, infectious and autoimmune diseases on their basis is analyzed.

In memory of Corresponding Member Iosif Viktorovich Zalutskii.