Формирование пищевого поведения детей раннего возраста и способы его оценки

Изучена проблема формирования пищевого поведения (ПП) и освещены способы его оценки у детей раннего возраста. Представлен современный взгляд на роль медиаторов центральной нервной системы и периферических гуморальных факторов в регуляции аппетита. Раскрыты средовые и социальные факторы, влияющие на изменение ПП и массы тела (МТ) у детей первых лет жизни. Подробно изложены результаты собственного исследования.

Для оценки особенностей ПП детей раннего возраста с учетом уровня их физического развития при рождении проведено анкетирование 122 родителей с использованием опросника Child Eating Behavior Questionare (CEBQ). Анкета заполнялась матерью и содержала дополнительно сведения об антропометрических показателях (МТ, рост, индекс МТ) ребенка и родителей, длительности грудного вскармливания. В исследование были включены здоровые доношенные дети (73 (59,8 %) мальчика и 49 (40,2 %) девочек) в возрасте от 13 до 36 мес. Выявлено влияние МТ матери на ПП детей раннего возраста. Выявлены особенности ПП маловесных и крупновесных к сроку гестации детей. По результатам оценки влияния грудного вскармливания на показатели ПП детей раннего возраста сделан вывод: своевременная коррекция ПП и рациона питания детей должны осуществляться уже с периода младенчества.

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