Comparative evaluation of bone regeneration in peri-implantitis using osteoplastic materials based on β-tricalcium phosphate and bone collagen

This study is devoted to the assessment of the regenerative potential of bone tissue in the peri-implant defect zone using bone substitutes based on β-tricalcium phosphate and bone collagen. The aim of the study is to determine the presence, localization and activity of pluripotent cells in the peri-implant defect zone to assess the effect of bone substitutes on the mobilization and proliferation of cells responsible for bone regeneration. As part of the experiment on sheep, peri-implantitis was modeled with the creation of a defect around the dental implant (DI) with its subsequent filling with bone substitutes based on β-tricalcium phosphate (the first main group) and bone collagen (the second main group). In the control group, the peri-implant defect was maintained under a blood clot. After two months, histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed, active proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent cells, pronounced expression of CD34⁺, NSE⁺, EMA⁺ and Ki-67⁺ markers were revealed. The results show that both bone-substituting materials are osteoinductive, biocompatible and promote the activation of cellular sources for bone tissue regeneration, and also have a positive effect on neoangiogenesis processes and the formation of reticulofibrous bone tissue. These data confirm the potential of using β-tricalcium phosphate and bone collagen in clinical practice for the restoration of bone defects in peri-implantitis.

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