This study presents a comparative laboratory investigation of various methods for obtaining autologous platelet concentrates for the treatment of peri-implantitis.
The aim of the study was to provide laboratory validation of an optimal technology for producing autologous platelet concentrates that maximize bioregenerative potential and minimize inflammatory response in the treatment of peri-implantitis.
The study was conducted on venous blood samples collected from 30 healthy donors (15 men, 15 women, aged 25–55 years) with no abnormalities in complete blood counts. Two groups of samples were obtained using different technologies: Group 1 – traditional PRP extraction, Group 2 – Cortexil PRP technology. The resulting autologous platelet concentrates were analyzed using the following laboratory methods: atomic force microscopy (AFM); platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte counts in each layer using an automated hematology analyzer; and determination of growth factor and cytokine concentrations using ELISA.
The obtained data demonstrated the advantage of the Cortexil PRP technology, which provides an optimal therapeutic concentration of platelets in PRP, surpassing the traditional PRP technique in the most important parameters. Thus, the P/WBC ratio in the Cortexil group exceeded 85, surpassing the threshold for effective regeneration (>60); a high P/R >165 indicates minimal red blood cell admixture in PRP using the Cortexil PRP technology. AFM showed that 82 % of platelets in Cortexil PRP retained a discoid shape, a sign of an inactivated state.
The quality of platelet concentrate should be assessed by its biological profile, where a P/WBC ratio >60 provides optimal conditions for suppressing inflammation; a P/R ratio >120 is recommended for bone penetration; >75 % discoid platelets are required for controlled release of growth factors; and low IL-1β and TNF-α levels are required to prevent resorption.

The study aims to evaluate the role of Ki‑67, topoisomerase IIα, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the development of post‑resection liver failure, as well as to quantify their immunohistochemical expression in liver tissue following major hepatectomy. A prospective case‑control observational study was conducted, enrolling 54 patients who underwent major liver resection at the Minsk Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery, Transplantology, and Hematology between October 2019 and October 2023. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on biopsy samples from the remnant liver tissue to assess the concentration of regeneration markers. The proliferative activity marker Ki‑67 was found to exhibit a strong direct correlation with the international normalized ratio (INR) and serum lactate levels, both well‑validated biomarkers of liver failure. This correlation suggests an indirect association between the immunohistochemical marker of proliferative activity (Ki‑67) and the development of post‑resection liver failure. However, assessment of concentrations of the proliferation markers topoisomerase IIα and PCNA concentrations did not reveal any statistically significant association with the development of post‑resection liver failure. The findings indicate that immunohistochemical assessment of Ki‑67 levels holds promise as a tool for both predicting and confirming the development of post‑resection liver failure.

The development of preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of cardiovascular toxicity (CVT) and cardiovascular complications in cancer patients is in line with the 5P medicine development strategy approved by the State Program for the Socio-Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for 2026–2030.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in women with breast cancer (BC) and to evaluate the impact of comprehensive treatment of this disease on the cardiovascular system. A prospective singlecenter study was conducted involving 98 women with BC. According to the HFA-ICOS scale, 76.5 % of patients had a low risk and 23.5 % had a moderate risk of developing CVT. A positive family history of cardiovascular disease was identified in 24.5 % of women with BC, dyslipidemia in 54.1 %, arterial hypertension (AH) in 19.4 %, 21.4 % had obesity, and 6.1 % and 33.7 % were active and passive smokers, respectively. In BC patients who did not receive cardiotropic therapy, completion of anticancer treatment was associated with: a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.001), a reduction in the ratio of early to late transmitral flow velocities (E/A) (p = 0.005), a reduction in the ratio of early to late mitral annular velocities (eʹ/aʹ) (p < 0.001), an increase in intima-media thickness at the carotid bifurcation (p = 0.041), a decrease in endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery (p = 0.018) and aldosterone levels (p = 0.012), as well as an increase in plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (p = 0.029) and total nitric oxide (p = 0.04). It has been established that comprehensive treatment of BC in women with low to moderate risk of CVT leads to subclinical changes in the cardiovascular system. Prescribing a combination of valsartan and carvedilol is an effective method of medical prevention of CVT in this category of patients.

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide.
The aim of the study was to evaluate blood oxygen transport mechanisms at different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
The total number of study participants was 130, including 100 patients diagnosed with POAG stages I–IV and 30 indi­ viduals without glaucoma. Optical coherence tomography was used to assess choroidal thickness. Gasotransmitters (nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)) and blood oxygen transport parameters were analyzed in venous blood.
Progressive POAG was associated with a persistent decrease in choroidal thickness, an imbalance in gasotransmitter levels (increased nitric oxide and decreased hydrogen sulfide concentrations), increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen, and a leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Choroidal thinning was 10.8 % at stage II (p = 0.001) and 31.0 % at stages III–IV (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Nitric oxide concentration increased with disease progression: by 30.2 % at stage I (p = 0.002), 38.6 % at stage II (p < 0.001), and 108.9 % at stages III–IV (p < 0.001) relative to controls. Hydrogen sulfide levels decreased: by 21.9 % at stage II (p = 0.034) and by 54.1 % at stages III–IV (p < 0.001) compared with individuals without the disease. The greatest reduction in real and standard p50, reflecting increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen, was observed at stage II – by 10.1 % (p = 0.009) and 10.0 % (p < 0.001), respectively.
The study results demonstrate the complex and multifactorial pathogenesis of glaucoma, which is accompanied by specific structural and functional changes in blood oxygen transport mechanisms.

Systemic hypoxemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is traditionally attributed to impaired pulmonary gas exchange. However, alterations in erythrocyte redox regulation may further compromise oxygen transport.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the erythrocyte electron-transport and oxygen-transport functions at different stages of COPD.
This single-center cross-sectional study included 150 clinically stable COPD patients (mild – n = 54, moderate – n = 59, severe – n = 37) and 40 healthy controls. Erythrocyte cytochrome C and cytochrome b₅ content, NADH- and NADPH-dependent reductase activities, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels, hemoglobin fractions, and blood gas parameters were measured. COPD patients demonstrated reduced erythrocyte cytochrome C and cytochrome b₅ content and decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, accompanied by increased reductase activities (all – p < 0.001). Oxyhemoglobin levels declined, while deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels increased with disease severity. Elevated 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels suggested partial compensation. Blood gas analysis revealed progressive hypoxemia and metabolic disturbance. It has been posited that progressive impairment of erythrocyte redox status and hemoglobin alterations may contribute to impaired systemic oxygen delivery in COPD beyond pulmonary dysfunction.

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the efficacy in addressing cell therapy for structural and functional impairments of muscular tissue integrity in a surgically induced model of encopresis. Based on morphological and morphometric studies, it was established that local (intersphincteric) administration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) from adipose tissue (AT) and bone marrow (BM), as well as leiomyocyte-like cells (myogenically differentiated AT-MMSCs), enhances the regenerative processes of the smooth muscle component of the rectal wall. In the injury zone, SMC proliferation is observed, leading to the formation of a hyperplastic muscle layer (both circular and longitudinal). The most pronounced changes in the thickness of the smooth muscle layer are noted when using cell products based on SMCs and AT-MMSCs. Further research into the regenerative potential of MMSCs will expand our understanding of the cells’ potential to participate in the restoration of not only visceral but also striated muscle tissue, and will facilitate the scientifically grounded application of cell technologies in clinical practice.

The complex pathogenesis of nerve damage in degenerative spinal stenosis results in a variety of clinical phenotypes and makes it difficult to determine the severity of the condition and select appropriate treatment strategies.
The aim of the article was to determine neurophysiological criteria for the analysis of the functional state of cortical and spinal nerve structures in patients with spondylotic compression of the spinal cord (SC) at follow-up after surgical treatment.
The study group included 23 patients with cervical spinal stenosis before and 6 months after surgery. Research methods: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP).
In patients with neurophysiological signs of spondylotic cervical myelopathy, a statistically significant partial improvement in spinal motor conduction was observed 6 months after surgical treatment, as measured by motor evoked potentials (MEP) during TMS. A trend toward recovery was observed for the passive motor threshold (pMT) and contralateral silent period (cSP), indicating initial restoration of intracortical and spinal neural interactions. SSEP analysis revealed a statistically significant partial improvement in spinal sensory function parameters. In patients with spondylotic compression of SC, but without neurophysiological signs of motor impairment, there were no statistically significant signs of decreased spinal motor conduction 6 months after decompression, indicating preservation of spinal function without disease progression.
Changes in the temporal and amplitude parameters of MEPs, as well as SSEPs, are neurophysiological indicators of damage to the motor and sensory pathways of the cervical SC. The observed changes in the pMT and the cSP represent neurophysiological criteria for decreased excitability of cortical motor neurons, as well as disruption of intracortical inhibitory mechanisms associated with spinal stenosis.

The quality of emergency medical care provided in the prehospital setting is directly dependent on the standardization of the algorithms used during the initial assessment. In situations of acute time constraints and significant clinical uncertainty, the use of standardized protocols helps reduce subjectivity in the diagnostic process and streamline patient management strategies. The aim of this study was to develop and scientifically substantiate a standardized algorithm for the initial patient examination. The study involved an analysis of legislative and regulatory documents, domestic and international scientific sources, as well as expert opinions on the quality of medical care. It was found that neglecting the biomechanical characteristics of the injury and the absence of a strict sequence during the initial examination contribute to the development of “diagnostic blindness” and an “obfuscated” clinical picture, in which the proportion of undetected hidden injuries in cases of multiple trauma ranges from 20 to 30 %. It has been established that errors made during the collection of medical history and objective data lead to an incorrect initial diagnosis and the selection of a suboptimal treatment strategy, which subsequently results in a break in continuity between the various stages of care. A standardized algorithm has been developed that combines an analysis of the biomechanics of the injury with the sequential application of the DRSABCDE protocol. This algorithm is based on the principles of obtaining the most comprehensive information possible in the shortest possible time and prioritizing the exclusion of pathological conditions that pose an immediate threat to life. The practical implementation of the proposed approach will reduce the influence of subjective factors, ensure consistency in tactical decisions when treating critically ill patients, shorten the decision-making phase, and strengthen the legal protection of first responders and healthcare professionals.