The effect of fatty acid amides during the blockade of membrane orphan GPR18, GPR55 and nuclear PPARα receptors on the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in rats with experimental peripheral neuropathy was studied. It has been proven that the anti-inflammatory action of PEA and SEA in experimental animals with neuropathy is carried out through nuclear PPARα receptors. However, PGlyA has no anti-inflamatory effects in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy.

The inflammatory process specific for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is accompanied by T lymphocyte migration from peripheral blood to the respiratory tract. Suppression of T cell chemotaxis by drugs may attenuate the inflammatory response in patients with COPD.

The aim of this study was to determine the ability of azithromycin in combination with glucocorticoids to affect the migration of blood T cells in patients with COPD.

The percentage of T lymphocytes expressing chemokine receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR6 was analyzed by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of 54 smokers with COPD, 21 healthy smokers, and 20 healthy non-smokers, as well as in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 7 smokers with COPD and 7 healthy smokers. Additionally, we determined the effect of azithromycin (10 μg/ml) and budesonide (10 nM) on the migration of peripheral blood T helper cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes from patients with COPD (n = 8) to chemokines RANTES (10 nM) and IP-10 (10 nM).

The percentage of T lymphocytes expressing chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 increased in the peripheral blood of COPD smokers compared with healthy smokers and healthy non-smokers, as well as in the BAL of COPD smokers compared with healthy smokers. The proportion of T cells expressing chemokine receptors CXCR4, CXCR6, CCR6, and CCR7 did not differ in the peripheral blood and the BAL between COPD patients and healthy controls. Budesonide only inhibited the migration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to RANTES. Azithromycin, alone and combined with budesonide, inhibited the migration of T helper cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to both RANTES and IP-10. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of azithromycin, in combination with budesonide and without it, on the T cell migration was significantly greater than the effect of budesonide alone.

Our results suggest a role for CXCR3 and CCR5 in T cell recruitment into the lungs of COPD patients and demonstrate the ability of azithromycin to inhibit T lymphocyte migration.

Despite the fact that head and neck tumors are very sensitive to radiation treatment, patients who have completed a course of radiation therapy have a high rate of recurrence and mortality from the underlying disease.

The aim of the study was to analyze the event-free survival of patients who completed a course of radiation therapy for stage I-III head and neck cancer according to a radical program under the influence of a number of independent factors such as age, gender, total focal dose, disease stage, duration of a break in a split course of radiation therapy.

The effect of the duration of interruption on survival was assessed by analyzing the treatment regimens for patients who received radiation treatment for stage I-III head and neck cancer according to a radical program from 2016 to 2018 at the Brest Regional Oncological Dispensary. Statistical processing of the obtained data included the analysis by the Cox regression method. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method to evaluate the outcome.

In the multivariate analysis, it was found that the disease stage has the greatest relationship with event-free survival (p < 0.01). The same trend is observed for the duration of interruption in radiotherapy (p < 0.05). The cumulative survival was significantly higher in the group of patients with treatment interruption of less than 3 weeks compared to the group of patients who completed treatment more than 3 weeks apart (80.00 % vs 49.06 %). If the duration of the break is less than 3 weeks, the clinical stage (T1-T3) is not a factor influencing patient survival.

Accounting for the effect of interruptions in the course of radiotherapy and the understanding the influence of controllable factors is essential for optimal treatment strategies.

The article presents the results of structural and functional transformations in cerebellum, trigeminal nuclei, and hippocampus of male Wistar rats against the background of injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into Meckel’s space in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation model.

The aim of the study was to clarify the effect of MSCs injections into Meckel’s space on the morphostructural features of cerebellum, trigeminal nuclei, and hippocampus in the TMJ inflammation model.

Injecting the mesenchymal stem cells into Meckel’s space in an inflammatory model of the right lower temporomandibular joint promotes the structure restoration of the ganglionic layer of the cerebellum, the spinal nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, and the hippocampus of rats by the 28th day. This is manifested in increasing the neuronal density, decreasing the neurodegeneration index, and in activating glia elements.

Inborn immunity errors such as primary immunodeficiencies in children represent a significant problem for public health, and it is undeniably important to improve the laboratory diagnosis of this pathology by creating new, effective methods for early detection of disorders involving immune mechanisms.

The ROC analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic significance of determining the copy number of T- and B-cell receptor DNA circle fragments (TREC/KREC) by multiplex real-time PCR in patients with a genetically determined diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency.

Peripheral blood DNA samples of healthy children (n = 98) aged 0.0 (0-15.0) years, who constituted the control group, and of patients with genetically confirmed primary immunodeficiency (n = 95) aged 7.2 (0.1-18.0) years were examined.

It has been established that determining the number of T and B cell receptor rearrangement products (TREC and KREC) has a high diagnostic significance in severe combined immunodeficiency, chromosomal instability syndromes such as ataxiateleangioectasia and Niimegen syndrome, diseases associated with immune dysregulation, agammoglobulinemia. Determining TREC and KREC is not informative in immunodeficiencies with non-lymphoid cell dysfunction or disorders that do not affect T- and B-cell receptor gene rearrangement such as the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and the chronic granulomatous disease.

Determining TREC, KREC has a high diagnostic significance and can be applied in diagnosis of congenital immunity errors associated with T- and B-cell lymphopenia.

The compilation and analysis of the patient’s genealogies is one of the methods of population genetics, which makes it possible to identify a predisposition to a particular oncological pathology. At present, it is relevant to prove the feasibility of developing and introducing into clinical practice a comprehensive method for diagnosing and preventing tumors based on data from genetic counseling, molecular biological research and modern artificial intelligence technologies. An information-analytical system is proposed that allows analyzing the patient’s data obtained during the consultation, with the possibility of supplementing them with information from the medical history and the results of the study. The proposed information system is able to analyze of the genealogy and give a preliminary conclusion about the risk of a tumor process in the patient’s family members, according to the algorithms of the morbidity accumulated in the region.

The study of the literature on the detoxification properties of an albumin molecule and a prognostic value of determining albumin indicators allows us to conclude that it is undoubtedly important to assess the structural and functional properties of albumin in cancer patients at all stages of the diagnostic and treatment process already at the present time. At the same time, the lack of information makes it necessary and promising to widely introduce the fluorescent method for assessing total and effective albumin concentrations in the clinical and scientific work of oncologists.

Therefore, the aim of our work was to study the effect of radiation therapy on the structural and functional state of serum albumin in patients with cervical cancer.

In order to study radiation-induced changes in serum albumin when irradiated with therapeutic doses of ionizing radiation, the biological material (blood) of 28 people from the Gomel region was used: 1st group (control) – 13 healthy people; 2nd group – 15 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer who underwent remote gamma therapy (30 Gy). The collection of biological material in the 2nd group was carried out as follows: upon admission to patient treatment; after the 1st session of radiotherapy (2 Gy); after the 3rd session of radiotherapy (6 Gy); after the 5th session of radiotherapy (10 Gy); after the 7th session of radiotherapy (14 Gy); after the 10th session of radiotherapy (20 Gy), and after the 15th session of radiotherapy (30 Gy).

According to A. Gryzunov, G. E. Dobretsov’s method, the following indicators were determined: total albumin concentration (TAC) − the number of albumin molecules capable of binding toxic ligands is equal to the albumin concentration determined in any other way; effective albumin concentration (EAC) − the number of albumin binding centers is unoccupied by toxic ligands; the reserve of albumin binding (RAB) − it reflects the degree of structural modification of the protein; the index of toxicity (IT) − it characterizes the filling of albumin centers with toxic ligands.

The total albumin concentration is within normal values, both for healthy and cancer patients throughout the course of radiation therapy. The analysis of the indicators characterizing the structural and functional state of serum albumin (EAC, RAB, and IT) in patients with cervical cancer showed that the amount of fully functioning protein statistically significantly decreases when compared with a group of healthy people.

When studying the effect of radiation therapy on the structural and functional state of serum albumin in cancer patients, the following was determined: in 57 % of cases, the values of the IT indicator increase after a course of radiotherapy, and in 43 % − decrease;

after the 1st session of radiotherapy, further dynamics of IT after treatment is determined: if after 2 Gy the values of the IT indicator increase, then by the end of therapy this indicator will be higher than that when entering treatment, and, conversely, if after 2 Gy the values of the IT indicator decrease, then after the course of radiotherapy this indicator will be less than that when entering treatment;

it is possible that the patient’s place of residence is a determining factor in the development of an individual reaction of the serum albumin transport system to the effect of therapeutic doses of ionizing radiation.

The determination of albumin indicators characterizing the structural and functional state of serum albumin, in particular, the index of toxicity in patients with cervical cancer should be used as an individual diagnostic and prognostic criterion in the dynamics of observation of patients undergoing radiation therapy.

The effect of proline-containing oligopeptides N-Ac-DSer-Pro-DArg-Gly-NH₂ (B-4), N-Ac-Trp-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH₂ (B-5), N-Ac-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH₂ (B-7), and Pro-Gly on the behavior of male ICR mice in the Forced Swim Test was studied. N-Ac-DSer-Pro-DArg-Gly-NH₂ (1.0 mcg/kg, i.n) increased the intensity of active swimming, most pronounced – during the last 2 minutes of testing (maximum fatigue period), i.e., it prevented the behavior of “despair”.