The use of new antiseptic preparations as irrigation solutions to replace well-known irrigants is an attractive option, as they have fewer side effects.

The purpose of the research was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of modern irrigation solutions and the antiseptic Stomatidin in an in vitro experiment.

The study was conducted with four groups (n = 10): group 1 – 3.0 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution; group 2 – 2.0 % chlorhexidine (CHX); group 3 – the antiseptic Stomatidin; and group 4 – ultrasound-activated Stomatidin. One hundred microliters of each irrigant were added to 2 mL of a diluted erythrocyte suspension obtained from a human volunteer.

The distinct absorption spectrum of hemoglobin enabled the assessment of the degree of hemolysis using spectrophotometry in units of optical density. For this purpose, a hemolytic analysis was performed in microcentrifuge tubes containing a 10 % erythrocyte suspension after incubation at 37 °C for 60 minutes. The percentage of hemolysis was determined by spectrophotometric reading at 540 nm before and after incubation.

The increase in the percentage of erythrocyte hemolysis was highest with the 3.0 % NaOCl solution, followed by 2.0 % CHX. The lowest cytotoxicity was observed with Stomatidin. The increase in the percentage of erythrocyte hemolysis for Stomatidin and ultrasound-activated Stomatidin showed no statistically significant differences.

The incidence of morbidity in premature infants remains consistently high. The development of diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants is a significant medical and social problem. The search for new markers of genetic predisposition to comorbid diseases in premature infants will contribute to an understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and will help determine the risks of pathologу development. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of polymorphisms of antioxidant system genes (SOD2, GSTP1) and matrix metalloproteinase genes (MMP2, MMP9) on the formation of comorbid diseases in premature infants. It was found that carriage of the T allele (CT and TT genotypes) of the rs4880 polymorphism of the SOD2 gene is associated with an increased concentration of lactate in the blood ( p = 0.022). This finding may indicate its role in metabolism and response to oxidative stress. At the same time, the influence of genetic polymorphism of antioxidant defense enzymes (SOD2 and GSTP1) on the risk of developing comorbid pathology has not been established. The factors involved in the pathogenesis of comorbid pathology in preterm infants born at 28–31 weeks of gestation are the AA genotype of the rs17576 locus in the MMP9 gene, as well as the combination of the AA genotype of the rs17576 locus in the MMP9 gene with the GG genotype of the rs243866 locus in the MMP2 gene ( p = 0.01 and p = 0.0037, respectively).

The importance of urea in vital processes in health and disease is well known. Specifically, we have found that increasing blood urea levels prevents the development of a febrile reaction. However, the mechanism of urea’s antipyretic effect has not been elucidated.

The aim of the study was to determine the significance of nitric oxide, arginase activity and liver detoxication function in the mechanism of the antipyretic effect of urea under endotoxin fever conditions.

Experiments on rats and rabbits have shown that the urea blood level, by influencing the arginase, L-arginine-NO system activity and liver detoxication processes, is important for the formation of body temperature in rats when exposed to bacterial endotoxin. The action of bacterial endotoxin in the body, along with an increase in body temperature, leads to an increase in arginase activity and the liver detoxication function, the level of urea, NO3–/NO2– and a decrease in the level of arginine concentration in the blood plasma of animals. Intraperitoneal administration of urea to rats or into the bloodstream of rabbits at a dose of 3.0 g/kg has an antipyretic effect and leads to a decrease in liver arginase activity, detoxication function arginine content and an increase in the level of NO3–/NO2– in the blood plasma.

The study results suggest that arginase activity and liver detoxication function, as well as the interaction of the L-arginine-NO system with the urea cycle, play a key role in the mechanism of endogenous antipyresis, determining urea and NO levels in the blood and tissues. Increased activity of the L-arginine-NO system and the leakage of L-arginine from the urea cycle into the NO cycle are crucial for the antipyretic action of urea under endotoxin-induced fever.

The obtained data are important for understanding the significance of arginase activity, liver L-arginine-NO system, and urea blood level in the mechanisms of maintaining temperature homeostasis, and also contribute to the development of ideas about the pathogenesis of febrile conditions and the mechanisms of endogenous antipyresis.

One of the serious challenges in modern medicine is the development of combined resistance in bacteria to antimicrobial agents and humoral factors of innate immunity. This phenotype not only limits the options for antimicrobial therapy but also enables pathogens to more effectively overcome the body’s first line of defense, leading to severe disseminated processes that are difficult to manage with standard treatment regimens.

The aim of this study was to assess in vitro the presence of combined phenotypic resistance in clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates to antibiotics and humoral factors of innate immunity present in blood serum and plasma.

A total of 59 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 30) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 29), collected from various hospitals in Minsk between 2021 and 2023, were analyzed. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK 2

Compact system. The resistance to the antimicrobial action of native serum, native plasma, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was evaluated using the broth microdilution method.

A high prevalence of combined resistance to exogenous and endogenous antimicrobial agents was observed in Gramnegative bacteria. Among clinical isolates of E. coli, resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides was associated with resistance to blood serum in 60.0–66.7 % of cases. In contrast, K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited critically high resistance to carbapenems (72.4 %), protected penicillins (79.3 %), cephalosporins (82.1 %), and fluoroquinolones (82.8 %), with the majority of these strains also resistant to blood plasma (69.2–81.8 %). The present study demonstrated a pronounced bacteriostatic effect of PRP against 88.9 % of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates and 100 % of K. pneumoniae isolates.

Liquid biopsy is a promising method for non-invasive diagnosis in oncological patients. However, due to the extremely low concentration of free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), especially minor clones, the detection requires the use of a comprehensive set of high-tech methods. The induction of the release of ctDNA into the bloodstream through tumor irradiation may improve the diagnostic sensitivity of ctDNA-tests in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At the same time, systemic inflammation and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the body can exert influence on the concentration of free circulating DNA at certain time points after irradiation.

According to our data, local irradiation of tumor sites leads to an increase in ctDNA levels, reaching a maximum after 48 hours. The presence of statistically significant differences in the frequencies of maximum and minimum concentrations of cytokines IL-15, IL-4, IL-1ra, and VEGF was observed in serial blood plasma samples from patients with NSCLC, depending on the level of ctDNA.

Numerous evidence of the mutually aggravating influence of periodontal and intestinal pathologies through numerous microbiological, immunological, psychological, and metabolic associations determines the increased interest in the problem of periodontal pathology in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

The etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, i. e., ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is largely similar to periodontitis. Both diseases are associated with an excessive inflammatory reaction of the intestinal mucosa or oral cavity to microbial triggers in the susceptible host.

The purpose of the research is to assess the severity of the clinical course of periodontal pathology in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Intestinal inflammatory diseases and periodontitis are pathologies of inflammatory genesis, chronic progressive course, united by a common pathogenesis consisting in the interaction and mutual aggravation of microbiocenosis disorders and immuno-inflammatory reaction. Inflammatory bowel diseases is one of the most important risk factors for the development and severity of periodontitis. We determined that in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases , the risk of severe periodontitis of the ΙΙΙ/ΙV degree is 2.431 (95 % CI 1.704–3.470), and the etiological contribution of inflammatory bowel diseases to the risk of periodontitis of the ΙΙΙ–ΙV degree is 58.86 %. The presence of a risk factor increases the severity of periodontal pathology.

A significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis was found in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases compared to the comparison group (94.16 % versus 83.97 % (p < 0.001). The presence of inflammatory bowel diseases significantly affects the risk of severe periodontal disease.

The dynamics of the systemic inflammatory response in potential donors with irreversible brain injury and death have not yet been reliably established. Various laboratory markers can be used to assess the level of systemic inflammation in brain-dead donors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of systemic inflammation based on C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum iron levels in potential organ and tissue donors during protective intensive care.

This prospective, non-randomized study included 404 potential brain-dead organ and tissue donors, who underwent protective intensive care and functional systems conditioning. The main diagnoses leading to brain death were as follows: non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (n = 259 (64 %)); ischemic brain injury – cerebral infarction (n = 63 (16 %)); posthypoxic encephalopathy (n = 16 (4 %)); traumatic brain injury (n = 66 (16 %)).

Potential donors with traumatic brain injury had higher CRP levels and lower iron levels, which may be due to factors such as surgical interventions, blood loss, delayed brain death, and a longer duration of intensive care. A positive correlation was found between the level of systemic inflammation, assessed by CRP and serum iron, as well as the presence of obesity (BMI – 30 kg/m² or greater) in the donor: R = 0.24, p = 0.0009 and R = 0.17, p = 0.02, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between CRP and serum iron levels and the duration of intensive care in the ICU before brain death was determined: R = 0.42, p < 0.00001 and R = –0.23, p = 0.0002, respectively.

Serum iron and CRP levels serve as independent markers of the systemic inflammatory response in potential donors with irreversible brain injury.

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the absorption and adsorption capacity of a silverand copper-containing sorption wound dressing manufactured in the Republic of Belarus. It was found that the absorption capacity of the studied dressing remained stable after 1 and 24 hours of exposure to plasma, and was 2.1 times ( p = 0.000183) and 1.99 times ( p = 0.000174) higher than the corresponding indicators of a cellulose-based dressing at the specified time points. The adsorption capacity of the dressing after 24 hours increased by 18.87 % (p = 0.005) compared to the initial level. This increase corresponds to a 4.5-fold rise (p = 0.000142) compared to the values of the control dressing material. It has been established that the claimed wound dressing effectively absorbs and retains wound exudate due to the interweaving system of numerous sorbent fibers, a voluminous capillary-porous structure, and a high specific surface area, which reduces the risk of maceration (damage) of surrounding tissues and maintains an optimal environment for favorable wound healing.