The diagnostic possibilities of using biochemical markers of bone metabolism in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not yet been properly evaluated.

We analyzed indicators of bone mineral density according to double X-ray absorptiometry, as well as biochemical markers of bone metabolism (OC, CTx, ALP), incl. using a neural network algorithm, in 452 patients with various stages of CKD and in 60 persons of the comparison group (control).

It has been established that the levels of biochemical markers of bone metabolism in patients with CKD progressively increase with aggravation of renal failure, and are interrelated with PTH and the presence of SHPT, as well as with the presence of osteoporosis. Estimation of OC, CTx, ALP can be used as a source of additional information about the state of bone metabolism in patients with SHPT and CKD. It should be taken into account that in patients with CKD 4–5, the levels of OC, CTx significantly exceed those in a healthy population, due to both an increase in bone metabolism and a slowdown in the process of degradation and elimination of these markers.

Using a neural network algorithm, we proposed reference intervals for these indicators depending on the stage of CKD. The data obtained are the basis for the development of recommendations for the diagnosis of osteopathy in SHPT and CKD, as well as multifactorial prevention and correction of this pathology. Only a comprehensive assessment of the state of the bone will make it possible to objectively assess its condition and choose an effective and safe way to correct the identified violations.

A model was developed, on the basis of which the features of healing of a full-thickness skin wound were studied in laboratory rats using macro-, micro- and ultramicroscopic methods. It was found that during this process, two borders are formed on the surface of the wound ‒ one on the edge of the dermis and the second on the edge of the epidermis. It is shown that a granulation tissue can be formed not only due to the restructuring of fibrin, but also due to the reorganization of a subcutaneous tissue. It is hypothesized that the wound contraction occurs not only due to the contraction of collagen fibrils by myofibroblasts, but also due to the retraction of collagen fibers in the cytoplasm of these cells. Attention is drawn to the restoration of the elastic layer as an essential component of the skin regenerate. The reasons for the appearance of a longitudinal elongated shape and orientation along the sagittal line of the scar, which remains for life at the site of the former skin damage, are explained.

Myocardial protection from ischemic and reperfusion injury is an important task of modern experimental and clinical medicine. This type of damage is a key link in the pathogenesis of the coronary heart disease and, above all, acute myocardial infarction – a socio-economically significant disease that is one of the main causes of disability and mortality of the adult population in the Republic of Belarus.

The aim of the study was to elucidate the cardioprotective efficiency of postconditioning (Post) using L-lactate during ischemia–reperfusion of myocardium in young and old rats under the conditions of systemic action in the body of animals of the blocker of M-cholinergic systems atropine.

In experiments on rats, it was found that Post using L-lactate has an infarct-limiting effect during ischemia–reperfusion of myocardium in both young and old animals, however, under the conditions of systemic action of atropine (2 mg/kg), this effect was partially preserved only in old rats. Apparently, the activity of peripheral M-cholinergic systems is important in the mechanisms of implementation of the cardioprotective effects of Post using L-lactate in young, but not in old rats.

Preservation of the health of each child is the basis of the activities of the service for protection of motherhood and childhood. The article presents the results of analysis of the structure of births by body weight. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of full-term children with large (4000 g or more) body weight at birth in Minsk for the period 2004–2019 was carried out according to state statistics. It was revealed that the average proportion value of large newborns was 10.1 ± 0.07 %. During the analyzed period, the incidence rate of newborns with a birth weight of 4000 g or more decreased (278.4 ‰ in 2004, 177.8 ‰ in 2019, the average long-term growth rate was ‒2.95 %). When analyzing the morbidity structure of newborns, the leading place was occupied by individual conditions that occur in the perinatal period, 87.2 ± 0.80 %. In the analyzed time interval of 2004–2019, diseases with the highest degree of association with biggest birth weight were other birth trauma (OR = 2.30 (2.19–2.43), p < 0.001), endocrine and metabolic disorders (OR = 2.19 (2.04–2.34), p < 0.001).

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common pathological condition inherent in obesity, which is associated with excessive accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes, which, in turn, leads to the impaired functioning of the organ.

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of diet-induced obesity, as well as variants of its correction on morphofunctional characteristics of the liver tissue and biochemical indices of blood serum of male rats.

The experiments were carried out on sexually mature male Wistar rats. The experiment consisted of two stages of 8 weeks each: 1) modeling obesity using a high-caloric diet (HCD); 2) obesity correction with the evaluation of the contribution of several experimental approaches: abandonment of HCD with a transition to a standard balanced diet and moderate physical activity in the form of running on a treadmill against the background of different caloric intakes.

Keeping the rats for 16 weeks on HCD led to the formation of visceral obesity, fatty liver dystrophy, dyslipidemia, and disbalance of enzymatic processes – hyperbilirubinemia on the background of the reduced activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in blood serum. The histoarchitectonics of the liver was partially restored with the preservation of inflammatory infiltration of the organ upon return to the standard diet. A return to the standard diet promoted a partial restoration of the liver histoarchitectonics with the preservation of inflammatory infiltration of the organ. When switching to a standard diet in combination with the moderate physical activity, a more pronounced restoration of the liver histostructure and signs of the active regeneration of the organ were observed.

The most complete variant of correction of fatty hepatosis is the transition to a balanced diet in combination with the moderate physical activity.

This article analyzes the results of examination and surgical treatment of 572 patients with surgical thyroid gland diseases who were operated on using open and minimally invasive techniques. All patients were divided into several groups depending on the chosen surgical technique. The results of surgical treatment of patients with thyroid diseases in each group were assessed according to the following parameters: duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, drainage of a postoperative wound, pain intensity in the postoperative period, complications, length of hospital stay in the postoperative period, cosmetic effect. A decrease in the number of intra- and postoperative complications during minimally invasive surgical interventions has been reliably established.

Bone geometry, density, and thickness of the cortical layer of the femoral neck (FN) contribute to the mechanical strength in osteosythesis of femoral neck fractures (FNF) in young adults. The available techniques for fracture fixation of the FN are reviewed with respect to the biomechanical stability.

A biomechanical study of the osteosynthesis stability of the FNF with three cannulated screws was carried out using synthetic models of the proximal part of the femoral bone (FB). The experimental models were divided into 4 groups. Each group related to the configuration of screws in the FN. The vertical and horizontal FNF stability was assessed using two series of load. In series I, models were loaded with forces in the longitudinal axis to the FB and in series II, forces acted in the perpendicular direction to the FB axis. The loading forces were evaluated when the displacement of 2 mm fragments was achieved. The highest stability strengths were obtained in group I in the both series ‒ 1898 N with a vertical load and 1046 N with a horizontal load. Further, in decreasing order, the results of stability were obtained in groups II, III and IV.

In this study, it was found that the consideration of the position of screws according to architectonics of the FN is crucial for fragment stability. The triangular position of screws with three points of contact with the compact bone ensures the maximum stability of the construct in osteosynthesis of the FN fractures, which is comparable to the normal walking load conditions.

We hypothesize that osteosynthesis of FN fractures with three screws in a triangular manner could provide a better stability when inserted into the dense tissues of the proximal FB with relation to bone architectonics. To ensure a maximum stability, each screw should have three points of contact with the compact bone – the lateral cortical wall of the subtrochanteric region of the FB, the inner wall of the FN, and the compact part of the FB head. New triangular configuration of screws’ placement could have a better neutralization of share forces in FN fractures.

The objective of the study was to improve the medical care of pregnant women with varicose disease based on the results of duplex ultrasound examination of the veins of the lower extremities, as well as on the clinical and laboratory parameters.

We evaluated the data of 128 pregnant women with varicose veins and performed ultrasound to examine the venous system measuring the diameter of the great saphenous vein (GSV) into saphenofemoral junction, midthigh, lower thigh and investigating the venous reflux.

The diameter of competent and incompetent GSVsincreased between the first and third trimester in the both groups(p < 0.001). The mean diameter was 4.3 (2.69–5.86) mm in the main group at 22–24 weeks of gestation, 4.6 (2.96‒5.86) mm at 32‒34 weeks, 4.5 (2.91–5.74) mm ‒ after delivery. The diameter of the GSV with reflux was significantly larger than that of GSVs without reflux in the saphenofemoral junction (R = 0.758, p < 0.001).

Pregnancy induces the alterations of venous physiology. Examination of clinical and ultrasound data of pregnant women with varicose veins is an important step to prevent the disease progression during pregnancy and childbirth.