COVID-19: pathogen characteristics, natural and adaptive immune response mechanisms, genetic diversity and distribution

L. P. Titov; M. V. Sprindzuk

doi:10.29235/1814-6023-2021-18-4-497-512

COVID-19: pathogen characteristics, natural and adaptive immune response mechanisms, genetic diversity and distribution

L. P. Titov, M. V. Sprindzuk

https://doi.org/10.29235/1814-6023-2021-18-4-497-512

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Abstract

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a member of the Coronaviridae family, a beta-2 coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic lasting about 19 months has caused serious damage to the health of people on our planet – by the 13 of July 2021, more than 187.9 000 000 patients have been diagnosed and more than 4.0 mln patients died from infection (> 2.0 %). Scientists around the world are actively investigating the critically important molecular-genetic aspects of the biology of the pathogen (genome RNA structure, proteins properties) that are important for understanding the disease mechanisms, as well as the mechanisms of individual and collective immunological protection and vaccines development with non-specific prophylactics.

Keywords

COVID-19, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, immunity, genotypes, vaccines

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For citations:

Titov L.P., Sprindzuk M.V. COVID-19: pathogen characteristics, natural and adaptive immune response mechanisms, genetic diversity and distribution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series. 2021;18(4):497-512. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.29235/1814-6023-2021-18-4-497-512

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ISSN 1814-6023 (Print)
ISSN 2524-2350 (Online)

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series

COVID-19: pathogen characteristics, natural and adaptive immune response mechanisms, genetic diversity and distribution

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