Therapy of chronic stenosis of laryngotracheal stenosis with the use of mesenchymal stem cells: two-year observation results

Laryngotracheal stenosis is a serious pathological process that leads to the narrowing of the airways because of damage of the mucous membrane and the formation of pathophysiological mechanisms of regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to be able to suppress the inflammatory response and to stimulate tissue regeneration; that is why, they are a promising biomedical cell product for treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and long-term clinical efficacy of cell therapy of laryngotracheal stenosis using autologous MSCs of the olfactory lining (OL). The clinicalstudy included patients with a diagnosis of laryngotracheal stenosis (J38.6 and J95.5 according to ICD-10) without compromising the integrity of the cartilage frame with or without a tracheostomy/laryngostomy, including patients after surgical interventions to restore the lumen of the larynx and trachea. Clinical trials of laryngotracheal stenosis using autologous olfactory mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells were carried out. Cell therapy was safe and well tolerated, and prevented the restenosis and formation of scar granulation tissue during 2 years of observation in all patients included in the clinical study. The restoration of the larynx and trachea lumen, the improved respiratory function and the increased exercise tolerance were observed in 6 patients who had no cartilage disorder. The data obtained indicate the high clinical efficacy of the method of cell therapy of laryngotracheal stenosis using autologous olfactory mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

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