Papillary thyroid cancer: prognostic factors
Abstract
Globally, there is a steady increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, mainly due to papillary cancer. There are a lot of factors caused by neoplastic process which determine the outcome of the disease. The main considered factors are age, sex, extrathyroidal tumor expansion, incomplete removal of the tumor, the size of the primary malignancy, peritumoral vascular invasion, the presence of regional and distant metastases, as well as the degree of differentiation of the tumor. To date there is a range of systematic scales: TNM, EORTC, MACIS, AMES, AGES, etc. According to the used prognostic scale risk groups are formed which determine causal and specific survival or risk of dying from cancer in each group. More often unfavorable outcome is possible in patients at high risk who are experiencing adverse morphological variants of papillary thyroid cancer as well as in patients with a massive extrathyroidal tumor expansion and the presence of distant metastases. Patients with intrathyroid tumors diagnosed at a young age, without regional and distant metastases, have positive prognosis, especially against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis.
About the Authors
P. Y. Korotkevich
Беларуская медыцынская акадэмія паслядыпломнай адукацыі
Belarus
Belarus
Y. E. Demidchik
Беларуская медыцынская акадэмія паслядыпломнай адукацыі
Belarus
Belarus
Y. M. Gain
Беларуская медыцынская акадэмія паслядыпломнай адукацыі
Belarus
Belarus
V. V. Baryash
Беларускі дзяржаўны медыцынскі ўніверсітэт
Belarus
Belarus
References
1. Curado M. // IARC Sci. Publ. 2007. Vol. 9, N 160.
2. Siegel R. // Cancer J. Clin. 2011. Vol. 61. P. 212-236.
3. Kilfoy B. // Cancer Causes and Control. 2009. Vol. 20, N 5. P. 525-531.
4. Leenhardt L. // Thyroid. 2004. Vol. 14. P. 1056-1060.
5. Liu S. // Br. J. Cancer. 2001. Vol. 85. P. 1335-1339.
6. Lubina A. // Thyroid. 2006. Vol. 16. P. 1033-1140.
7. Демидчик Е. П. Рак щитовидной железы у детей. М., 1996.
8. Демидчик Ю. Е. // Онколог. журн. 2008. Т. 2, № 4. С. 9-21.
9. Демидчик Ю. Е. // Онколог. журн. 2008. Т. 2, № 3. С. 18-30.
10. Фридман М. В. // Мед. новости. 2008. № 9. С. 83-90.
11. Кубарко А. И. Щитовидная железа: фунд. аспекты. М., 1998.
12. Davies L. // J. A. M. A. 2002. Vol. 295, N 18. P. 2164-2167.
13. Grodski S. // Surgery. 2006. Vol. 144, N 6. P. 1038-1043.
14. Enewold L. // Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers and Prevention. 2009. Vol. 18, N 3. P. 784-791.
15. Kent W. D. et al. // Canad. Med. Association J. 2007. Vol. 177, N l. P. 1357-1361.
16. Demidchik E. // Inter. Congr. Series. 2001. P. 69-77.
17. Jacob P. // Radiat. Res. 2006. Vol. 165. P. 1-8.
18. Pellegriti G. // J. of Cancer Epidemiol. 2013. Vol. 67. P. 26-38.
19. Williams E. // Surg. Oncol. 2006. Vol. 94. P. 670-677.
20. Пачес А. И. Рак щитовидной железы. М., 1995.
21. Цыб А. Ф. Ультразвуковая диагностика заболеваний щитовидной железы. М., 1997.
22. Albores-Saavedra J. // Endocrine pathol. 2007. Vol. 18. P. 1-7.
23. Thyroid Carcinoma Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists // Endocr. Pract. 2001. Vol. 7. P. 202-220.
24. Eng C. // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2000. Vol. 85. P. 1755-1757.
25. Beahrs O. American Joint Committee on Cancer Manual for Staging of Cancer. 2nd ed. M., 1983.
26. Siironen P. // Tumor Biol. 2005. Vol. 26. P. 57-64.
27. Witt R. // Ear Nose Throat J. 2006. Vol. 81. P. 856-863.
28. Ito Y. // World J. Surg. 2007. Vol. 31. P. 838-848.
29. Kim E. // Clin. Endocrinol. 2009. Vol. 71. P. 581-586.
30. Lang B. // Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2006. Vol. 14. P. 730-738.
31. Samuel L. // Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surg. 2012. Vol. 147, N 2. P. 221-226.
32. Ito Y. // Endocrinol. J. 2009. Vol. 56. P. 177-192.
33. Rajoria S. // Thyroid. 2010. Vol. 20. P. 33-41.
34. Truong T. // Am. J. Epidemiol. 2005. Vol. 161. P. 1056-1065.
35. Vannucchi G. // Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2010. Vol. 162. P. 145-151.
36. Sakoda L. // Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 2002. Vol. 11. P. 51-57.
37. Candanedo-Gonzalez F. // Med. Hypotheses. 2007. Vol. 69. P. 209-213.
38. Jonclaas J. // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2012. Vol. 97, N 6. P. 878-887.
39. Sobin L. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. 6th ed. M., 2002.
40. Machens A. // Cancer. 2005. Vol. 103. P. 2269-2273.
41. Mazzaferri E. // J. of Clin. Endocrinol. and Metabolism. 2001. Vol. 86. P. 1447-1463.
42. Verburg A. // Clin. Endocrinol. 2009. Vol. 71. P. 291-297.
43. Kramer J. // Eur. J. of Endocrinol. 2010. Vol. 163. P. 637-644.
44. Ortiz S. // Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2001. Vol. 124. P. 261-265.
45. Ito Y. // World J. Surg. 2006. Vol. 30. P. 1821-1828.
46. Nixon I. // Surgery. 2011. Vol. 150. P. 1242-1249.
47. Nimmi A. // Surgery. 2008. Vol. 144. P. 942-948.
48. Kim Т. // BMC Cancer. 2008. Vol. 8. P. 296-307.
49. Pelizzo M. // Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006. Vol. 32. P. 1144-1448.
50. Ito Y. // World J. Surg. 2006. Vol. 30. P. 780-786.
51. Shin J. // Inter. J. of Surg. 2013. Vol. 11. P. 944-947.
52. Repplingeri D. // J. Surg. Res. 2008. Vol. 150. P. 49-52.
53. Buyukasxik O. // Endokrynol. Pol. 2011. Vol. 62. P. 303-308.
54. Fiore E. // Endocrinol. Relat. Cancer. 2011. Vol. 18. P. 429-437.
55. Fiore E. // Endocrinol. Relat. Cancer. 2009. Vol. 16. P. 1251-1260.
56. Haymart M. // Clin. Endocrinol. 2010. Vol. 71. P. 434-439.
57. Zafon C. // J. Thyroid Res. 2012. Vol. 5. P. 307-321.
58. Cipolla C. // Am. Surg. 2005. Vol. 71. P. 874-878.
59. Kebebew E. // World J. Surg. 2001. Vol. 25. P. 632-637.
60. Larson S. // J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2007. Vol. 204. P. 764-775.
61. Ahn D. // Acta Oncol. 2011. Vol. 50. P. 1228-1234.
62. Huang B. // Endocrinol. Pathol. 2011. Vol. 22. P. 144-149.
63. Dvorkin S. // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2013. Vol. 98, N 6. 2409-2414.
64. Luu Y. // Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surg. 2012. Vol. 148, N 3. P. 396-402.
65. Dean D. // Cancer Control. 2000. Vol. 7. P. 229-239.
66. Jukkola A. // Endocrine-Resulted Cancer. 2004. Vol. 11. P. 551-579.
67. Lang B. // Ann. Surg. 2007. Vol. 245. P. 366-378.
68. Lundgren C. // Cancer. 2006. Vol. 106. P. 524-531.
69. Wada N. // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007. Vol. 92. P. 215-218.
70. Yildirim E. // J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2005. Vol. 200. P. 378-392.
71. Cooper D. // Thyroid. 2009. Vol. 19. P. 1167-1214.
72. Pacini F. // Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2006. Vol. 154. P. 787-803.
Review
For citations:
Korotkevich P.Y., Demidchik Y.E., Gain Y.M., Baryash V.V. Papillary thyroid cancer: prognostic factors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series. 2014;(3):91-95. (In Russ.)
Views: 432
Email this article 