vestimИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия медицинских наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series1814-60232524-2350The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1814-6023-2024-21-3-251-264vestim-989Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINEПул свободных аминокислот и их производных в коже крыс и морфологическая структура кожи при остром аллергическом контактном дерматитеFree amino acid pool in the rat skin and the skin morphological structure in acute allergic contact dermatitishttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-4109ЧумаченкоМ. С.ChumachenkoM. S.

Чумаченко Мария Сергеевна – ст. преподаватель

пр. Независимости, 4, 220030, г. Минск

Maria S. Chumachenko ‒ Senior Lecturer

4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk

Chumachenkomaria19@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7888-4518КорикЕ. О.KorikE. O.

Корик Елена Олеговна – канд. биол. наук, доцент

пр. Независимости, 4, 220030, г. Минск

Elena O. Korik ‒ Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Professor

4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk

elkorik@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-3656РябцеваС. Н.RjabcevaS. N.

Рябцева Светлана Николаевна – канд. мед. наук,вед. науч. сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией

ул. Академическая, 28, 220072, г. Минск

Svetlana N. Rjabceva – Ph. D. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory

28, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

sveta.rjabceva@tut.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9430-8492СемакИ. В.SemakI. V.

Семак Игорь Викторович – канд. биол. наук, доцент,заведующий кафедрой

пр. Независимости, 4, 220030, г. Минск

Igor V. Semak ‒ Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department

4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk

semak@bsu.byБелорусский государственный университетBelarusian State UniversityBelarusian State UniversityRussian FederationИнститут физиологии НАН БеларусиInstitute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus202404092024213251264Copyright © Чумаченко М.С., Корик Е.О., Рябцева С.Н., Семак И.В., 20242024Чумаченко М.С., Корик Е.О., Рябцева С.Н., Семак И.В.Chumachenko M.S., Korik E.O., Rjabceva S.N., Semak I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestimed.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/989

Проведена оценка содержания свободных аминокислот в коже крыс при экспериментальном остром аллергическом контактном дерматите (АКД). Концентрацию аминокислот (АК) определяли методом обращеннофазной высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Острый АКД моделировали с применением 2,4-динитрохлорбензола.

В образцах кожи крыс при развитии острого АКД выявлено повышение уровней аспарагиновой и глутаминовой кислот, валина, лейцина, фенилаланина, лизина и таурина и снижение содержания метионина, тирозина, триптофана, α-аминомасляной кислоты, ансерина. О дисбалансе метаболизма аминокислот свидетельствовало повышение соотношения аминокислоты с разветвленной углеродной цепью/ароматические аминокислоты за счет снижения уровня ароматических аминокислот. Повышение соотношения Phe/Tyr указывало на снижение активности гидроксилазного пути метаболизма фенилаланина, а снижение соотношения Met/Tau являлось следствием активации метаболизма серосодержащих аминокислот в коже крыс. При этом только в коже крыс с острым АКД уровни валина, изолейцина и лизина отрицательно коррелировали с уровнем TNF-1α крови, что подтверждает их противовоспалительный эффект.

При гистологическом исследовании выявлена воспалительная реакция, проявляющаяся лимфоцитарной инфильтрацией различных слоев кожи (эпидермис, субэпидермальный слой). В субэпителиальных отделах отмечались периваскулярная пролиферация фибробластов, формирование субэпидермального фиброза. Верхний слой шиповатого слоя был некротизирован, а в зернистом слое наблюдались некроз и выраженный кариопикноз ядер. Толщина эпидермиса была увеличена, а внедрение лимфоцитов и сегментоядерных нейтрофилов в эпидермис отмечалось до клеток шиповатого слоя.

Полученные данные свидетельствуют о выраженном метаболическом дисбалансе аминокислот в коже крыс при остром АКД, проявляющемся в обеднении аминокислотного пула за счет ароматических и серосодержащих аминокислот, нарушении метаболизма фенилаланина, а также в повышении уровня иммуногенных аминокислот, играющих функциональную роль в регуляции противовоспалительной, антиоксидантной систем и пролиферативной активности клеток иммунной системы на фоне выраженного воспалительного процесса.

The concentration of free amino acids in the skin of rats in experimental acute allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) was studied. Free AAs were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Acute ACD was simulated using 2.4-dinitrochlorobenzene. The levels of asparagic and glutamic acids, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, and taurine increased and methionine, tyrosine, tryptophan, α-aminobutyric acid and anserine decreased in the rat skin during acute ACD development. An imbalance of amino acid metabolism was expressed in an increase in the ratio of aromatic amino acids/branched-chain amino acids by a decrease in the sum of aromatic amino acids. An increase in the Phe/Tyr ratio may indicate a decrease in the activity of the hydroxylase pathway of phenylalanine metabolism in the rat skin. Only in the skin of rats with acute ACD, the levels of valine, isoleucine and lysine were negatively correlated with the level of blood TNF-1α, which confirms their anti-inflammatory effect.

Histological examination revealed an inflammatory reaction expressed by lymphocytic infiltration of various skin layers (ectoderm, subepidermal layer). Perivascular proliferation of fibroblasts and formation of subepidermal fibrosis were observed in subepithelial sections. The upper layer of the thorny layer was necrotic, the granular layer with necrosis and pronounced karyopiknosis of nuclei was observed. The epidermis thickness increased, infiltration of lymphocytes and segmented neutrophils into epidermis was noted up to the cells of the thorny layer (exocytosis).

The data obtained indicate a significant metabolic imbalance of amino acids in the skin of rats in acute ACD, manifested by depletion of the amino acid pool of aromatic and sulfur-containing amino acids, impaired metabolism of phenylalanine, as well as increased levels of immunogenic amino acids that play a functional role in the regulation of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant system and proliferative activity of immune system cells on the background of a significant inflammatory process.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.