vestimИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия медицинских наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series1814-60232524-2350The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1814-6023-2024-21-2-156-167vestim-968Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINEСпектр возбудителей острых вирусных гастроэнтеритов в условиях спорадической и групповой заболеваемости в БеларусиSporadic and group incidence of acute viral gastroenteritis in Belarus: spectrum of the pathogens and etiology featureshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-5050ПоклонскаяН. В.PaklonskayaN. V.

Поклонская Наталья Владимировна – канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник

ул. Филимонова, 23, 220114, г. Минск

Natalia V. Paklonskaya – Ph. D. (Biol.), Leading Researcher

23, Filimonov Str., 220114, Minsk

labsanvir@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-152XАмвросьеваТ. В.AmvrosyevaТ. V.

Амвросьева Тамара Васильевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией

ул. Филимонова, 23, 220114, г. Минск

Tamara V. Amvrosyeva – D. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory

23, Filimonov Str., 220114, Minsk

amvrosieva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-9422КолтуноваЮ. Б.KaltunovaYu. В.

Колтунова Юлия Борисовна – мл. науч. сотрудник

ул. Филимонова, 23, 220114, г. Минск

Yulia B. Kaltunova ‒ Junior Researcher

23, Filimonov Str., 220114, Minsk

labsanvir@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4521-6599Шиловаю. А.ShilavaYu. А.

Шилова Юлия Александровна – мл. науч. сотрудник

ул. Филимонова, 23, 220114, г. Минск

Yulia A. Shilava ‒ Junior Researcher

23, Filimonov Str., 220114, Minsk

labsanvir@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4044-6827БельскаяИ. В.BelskayaI. V.

Бельская Инна Валерьевна – науч. сотрудник

ул. Филимонова, 23, 220114, г. Минск

Ina V. Belskaya – Researcher

23, Filimonov Str., 220114, Minsk

labsanvir@gmail.comРеспубликанский научно-практический центр эпидемиологии и микробиологииRepublican Scientific and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology202427052024212156167Copyright © Поклонская Н.В., Амвросьева Т.В., Колтунова Ю.Б., Шилова ю.А., Бельская И.В., 20242024Поклонская Н.В., Амвросьева Т.В., Колтунова Ю.Б., Шилова ю.А., Бельская И.В.Paklonskaya N.V., Amvrosyeva Т.V., Kaltunova Y.В., Shilava Y.А., Belskaya I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestimed.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/968

В работе проведен анализ результатов лабораторной диагностики вирусных острых гастроэнтеритов (ОГЭ) в условиях спорадической и групповой заболеваемости. Для детекции кишечных вирусов использовали биологический материал 1864 пациентов со спорадическими случаями ОГЭ, полученный в 2020‒2022 гг., и 443 пациентов, вовлеченных в 52 эпизода групповой заболеваемости вирусными ОГЭ в период с 2009 по 2021 г.

В биологическом материале 53,7 % пациентов со спорадическими случаями ОГЭ выявлены нуклеиновые кислоты одного или нескольких кишечных вирусов, в том числе ротавирусов А (27,0 %), норовирусов геногруппы 2 (13,8 %), аденовируов F (5,3 %), энтеровируов (2,5 %), норовирусов геногруппы 1 (0,4 %). Смешанная вирус-вирусная инфекция обнаружена у 7,4 % пациентов. Доминирующими возбудителями групповой заболеваемости ОГЭ были норовирусы геногруппы 2 (63,5 % зарегистрированных эпизодов). Среди спорадических случаев ОГЭ вирусной этиологии преобладали дети 5 лет и младше, тогда как основная часть эпизодов групповой заболеваемости была зарегистрирована у детей 6‒17 лет и у взрослых. В зависимости от возраста заболевших частота выявления кишечных вирусов у пациентов со спорадическими случаями ОГЭ имела значительные различия: у детей 5 лет и младше в спектре этиологических агентов преобладали ротавирусы А, тогда как норовирусы геногруппы 2 обнаруживались в 2,5 раза реже (p < 0,001). У детей 6‒17 лет и у взрослых ротавирусы и норовирусы геногруппы 2 выявлялись с равной частотой, адено- и энтеровирусы чаще обнаруживались у детей от 0 до 17 лет.

Представленные результаты свидетельствуют о существенном вкладе кишечных вирусов в развитие заболеваемости ОГЭ на территории нашей страны. Данный вклад не ограничивается только ротавирусами А, в отношении которых хорошо налажены лабораторная диагностика и эпидемическое слежение. В значительной степени он формируется другими типами кишечных вирусов, среди которых наиболее значимыми являются норовирусы геногруппы 2.

The paper analyzes the results of virus detection in patients of different age at the time of sporadic and group morbidity of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Enteric viruses were detected in the biological material of 1864 patients with sporadic cases of AGE in 2020‒2022 and in the biological material of 443 patients from 52 episodes of AGE group morbidity in 2009‒2021.

Among enteric viruses found in 53.7 % of patients with sporadic AGE cases rotaviruses A were predominated (27.0 %), followed by genogroup 2 noroviruses (13.8  %), adenoviruses F (5.3  %), enteroviruses (2.5  %), genogroup 1 noroviruses (0.4 %). Mixed virus–virus infection was detected in 7.4 % of patients. In AGE group morbidity, genogroup 2 noroviruses were the main etiological agents ‒ they caused 63.5 % of episodes, whereas genogroup 1 noroviruses ‒ 11.5 %, rotaviruses A ‒ 5.8 %, enteroviruses and sapoviruses ‒ 3.9 % of each. Prevailing age group among people with the sporadic cases of AGE were children ≤5 years old, while the main part of the AGE group episodes was registered among children aged 6‒17 years and adults. Depending on the age of patients, the frequency of detection of various enteric viruses had significant differences: among children ≤5 years old with sporadic AGE, the main etiologic agents were rotaviruses A, whereas genogroup 2 noroviruses were detected 2.5 times less often (p <0.001), among children aged 6‒17 years and adults, rotaviruses and genogroup 2 noroviruses were detected with equal frequency. Adeno- and enteroviruses were found more often in children from 0 to 17 years old than in adults.

The presented results indicate a significant contribution of enteric viruses to the incidence of AGE in our country. Moreover, this contribution is not limited by rotaviruses A only, but is largely formed by other enteric viruses, especially genogroup 2 noroviruses.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.