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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestim</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной  академии наук Беларуси. Серия медицинских наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-6023</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2350</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1814-6023-2024-21-1-53-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestim-953</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Активация короткими синтетическими пептидами лейкоцитов in vitro как этап создания лечебно-профилактических вакцин против COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Activating the leukocytes by short synthetic peptides in vitro as a stage in the creation of treatment-prophylactic vaccines against COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-7742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганков</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цыганков Арсений Михайлович – ст. преподаватель</p><p>пр-т Фрунзе, 27, 210023, г. Витебск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arsenii M. Tsygankov – Senior Lecturer</p><p>27, Frunze Avе., 210023, Vitebsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">87senka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6640-3388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибовская</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gribovskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грибовская Ольга Викторовна – канд. хим. наук, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>ул. Академика Купревича, 5/2, 220141, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Gribovskaya – Ph. D. (Chem.), Deputy Director</p><p>5/2, Akad. Kuprevich Str., 220141, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.gribovskaya@iboch.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-619X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартинович</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martinovich</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартинович Вера Павловна – канд. хим. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Академика Купревича, 5/2, 220141, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera P. Martinovich ‒ Ph. D. (Chem.), Leading Researcher</p><p>5/2, Akad. Kuprevich Str., 220141, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vermar@iboch.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-0495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубович</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubovich</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голубович Владимир Петрович – д-р биол. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>ул. Академика Купревича, 5/2, 220141, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir P. Golubovich ‒ D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory</p><p>5/2, Akad. Kuprevich Str., 220141, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golubovich@iboch.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайрулина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khairulina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайрулина Наталья Васильевна – лаборант</p><p>пр-т Фрунзе, 27, 210023, г. Витебск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Khairulina ‒ Assistant</p><p>27, Frunze Avе., 210023, Vitebsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">highrullina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9355-8534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янченко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanchanka</surname><given-names>U. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Янченко Владимир Вилиянинович – канд. мед. наук, доцент</p><p>пр-т Фрунзе, 27, 210023, г. Витебск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Uladzimir V. Yanchanka – Ph. D. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>27, Frunze Avе., 210023, Vitebsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rst_vitebsk@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Витебский государственный ордена Дружбы народов медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vitebsk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биоорганической химии НАН Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цыганков А.М., Грибовская О.В., Мартинович В.П., Голубович В.П., Хайрулина Н.В., Янченко В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цыганков А.М., Грибовская О.В., Мартинович В.П., Голубович В.П., Хайрулина Н.В., Янченко В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsygankov A.M., Gribovskaya O.V., Martinovich V.P., Golubovich V.P., Khairulina N.V., Yanchanka U.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestimed.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/953">https://vestimed.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/953</self-uri><abstract><p>Опыт борьбы с пандемиями убедительно показывает, что вакцинация населения всех категорий должна быть приоритетной задачей государства. При выборе платформы для производства вакцин следует акценти­ровать внимание на том, чтобы при минимальных затратах получить оптимальный эффект. Для достижения этих целей возможно использование пептидной вакцины или вакцины на платформе белка. Также привлекательной пер­спективой будет использование пероральных и интраназальных вакцин, что обусловлено простотой их применения для разных групп населения. Кроме того, сформированный ими иммунитет не уступает таковому при применении вакцин для внутримышечного введения.</p><p>В данной работе исследованы синтетические пептиды, представляющие собой фрагменты поверхностного бел­ ка SARS-CoV-2. Пептиды получены методом классического пептидного синтеза, причем пептид № 1 (Lys-Ile-AlaAsp-Tyr-Asn-Tyr-Lys-Leu) является иммунодоминантным для HLA-A02:01 фенотипа, отличающегося низкой расчет­ ной концентрацией полумаксимального ингибирования. Пептид № 2 (Val-Arg-Gln-Ala-Pro-Asn-Gly-Gln-Thr) выбран в качестве контроля и не является иммунодоминантным для HLA-A02:01 фенотипа, имеющего высокую расчетную концентрацию полумаксимального ингибирования (IC50).</p><p>Проведено анкетирование 80 и обследование 78 добровольцев. Исследование показателей клеточного иммуни­тета проводили с помощью проточного цитометра Cytomics FC 500, уровня гамма-интерферона (ИФН-γ) ‒ с помо­щью иммуноферментного анализа. Полученные данные обрабатывали с использованием программы Statistica 10. В результате работы апробирован новый метод, позволяющий оценивать активацию синтетическими пептидами лейкоцитов крови. Вне зависимости от HLA-A фенотипа обследуемых пептиды могли связываться с лейкоцитами, что свидетельствует об универсальности реакций на чужеродные пептиды, особенно клеток врожденного иммуни­тета. Пептид № 2 с высокой расчетной IC50 по сравнению с пептидом № 1 с низкой расчетной IC50 продемонстриро­вал достоверно большую связь с лимфоцитами и моноцитами, активацию базофилов. Использование в этой работе пептидов показало, что последние взаимодействуют с лейкоцитами, активируют их посредством секреции ИФН-γ. Таким образом, нами продемонстрирован подход к созданию пептидной вакцины на этапе исследований in vitro, а по увеличению уровня ИФН-γ изучен противовирусный ответ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Experience with pandemics strongly suggests that vaccination of the population in all categories should be a national priority. The choice of a vaccine production platform should be made in such a way as to achieve an optimal effect at the lowest possible cost. A peptide vaccine or a protein platform vaccine could serve these purposes. Oral and intranasal vaccines are also attractive due to the ease of administration to different population groups, and the resulting immunity is not inferior to that of intramuscularly administered vaccines.</p><p>In this work, synthetic peptides representing the fragments of the surface protein SARS-CoV-2 were investigated. The peptides were prepared by classical peptide synthesis, with peptide No. 1 (Lys-Ile-Ala-Asp-Tyr-Asn-Tyr-Lys-Leu) being immunodominant for the HLA-A02:01 phenotype with a low calculated concentration of half-maximum inhibition. Peptide No. 2 (Val-Arg-Gln-Ala-Pro-Asn-Gly-Gln-Thr) was chosen as control and is not immunodominant for the HLA-A02:01 phenotype, with a high estimated concentration of half-maximum inhibition (IC50).</p><p>80 persons were questionnaired and 78 volunteers were examined. Cellular immunity parameters were analyzed using a Cytomics FC 500 flow cytometer and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was determined by ELISA. The results were processed using Statistica 10 software. As a result, a new method was tested to evaluate the activation of blood leukocytes by synthetic peptides. Regardless of the HLA-A phenotype of the study subjects, the peptides were able to bind to leukocytes, indicating a universal response to foreign peptides, especially to innate immune cells. Peptide No. 2 with high calculated IC50, compared to peptide No. 1 with low calculated IC50, showed significantly higher binding to lymphocytes and monocytes and activation of basophils. The peptides used in this work showed that they interact with leukocytes, activating them through the secretion of IFN-γ. Thus, our work demonstrates an approach to creating a peptide vaccine in the in vitro research phase, as well as to studying the antiviral response by the IFN-γ growth in response to the peptides.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>вакцина</kwd><kwd>синтетические пептиды</kwd><kwd>гамма-интерферон</kwd><kwd>IC50</kwd><kwd>HLA</kwd><kwd>проточная цито­метрия</kwd><kwd>ИФА</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd><kwd>peptide</kwd><kwd>gamma interferon</kwd><kwd>IC50</kwd><kwd>HLA</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd><kwd>ELISA</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">COVID-19 vaccine tracker: COVID-19 Landscape of novel coronavirus candidate vaccine development worldwide [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidatevaccines. – Date of access: 09.10.2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">COVID-19 vaccine tracker: COVID-19 Landscape of novel coronavirus candidate vaccine development worldwide. 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