vestimИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия медицинских наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series1814-60232524-2350The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1814-6023-2021-18-1-94-108vestim-737Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSАдаптация сердечно-сосудистой системы младенцев, рожденных матерями с сахарным диабетомAdaptation of the cardiovascular system of infants born by mothers with diabetes mellitusПрилуцкаяВ. А.PrylutskayaV. A.

Прилуцкая Вероника Анатольевна – канд. мед. наук, доцент

пр. Дзержинского, 83, 220116, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

Verаnika A. Prylutskaya – Ph. D. (Med.), Associate Professor

83, Dzerzhinski Ave., 220116, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

2489861@rambler.ruСукалоА. В.SukaloA. V.

Сукало Александр Васильевич – академик, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой

пр. Дзержинского, 83, 220116, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

Alexander V. Sukalo – Academician, D. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department

83, Dzerzhinski Ave., 220116, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

childill1@bsmu.byДеркачТ. А.DerkachT. A.

Деркач Татьяна Александровна – клин. ординатор

пр. Дзержинского, 83, 220116, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

Tatsiana A. Dzerkach – Сlinical resident

83, Dzerzhinski Ave., 220116, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

dr.tatyanaderkach@gmail.comБелорусский государственный медицинский университетBelarusian State Medical University20212302202118194108Copyright © Прилуцкая В.А., Сукало А.В., Деркач Т.А., 20212021Прилуцкая В.А., Сукало А.В., Деркач Т.А.Prylutskaya V.A., Sukalo A.V., Derkach T.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestimed.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/737

По данным статистики, сахарный диабет (СД) осложняет от 2 до 3 % всех беременностей. Несмотря на относительно небольшой процент распространенности в общей популяции, СД в период беременности оказывает существенное влияние на рост и развитие плода и ассоциирован с повышенным риском врожденных пороков развития, увеличением частоты перинатальной заболеваемости и смертности. Наибольшее влияние гипергликемия в период беременности оказывает на сердечно-сосудистую систему плода, вызывая увеличение частоты врожденных пороков сердца на ранних этапах эмбрионального развития и различного рода структурные и функциональные изменения в растущем сердце во втором и третьем триместрах беременности.

В данном обзоре систематизированы данные научной литературы о патогенетических аспектах и молекулярных механизмах влияния гипергликемии на развитие сердца плода с целью оценить клинические, эхокардиографические и некоторые лабораторные изменения функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей, рожденных матеря- ми с СД, а также проследить имеющиеся в литературе данные о связи между диабетом матери, диагностированным до или во время беременности, и отдаленными рисками возникновения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у их детей.

It is known, that diabetes mellitus has a significant impact on the growth and development of the fetus. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy increases significantly the incidence of congenital malformations, perinatal morbidity and neonatal mortality. Over the past decades has been a steady increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus both in the general population and among pregnant women. In this regard, the study of the influence of diabetes mellitus in the mother on the condition of the fetus and newborn is today a relevant problem of obstetric-gynecological, neonatological and pediatric services. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy has the greatest effect on the fetal cardiovascular system. Diabetes mellitus of the mother causes an increase in the frequency of congenital heart defects in the newborn, myocardial hypertrophy, as well as various functional disorders of the cardiovascular system.

This review mainly discusses the pathogenetic aspects and molecular mechanisms of the effect of hyperglycemia on the development of the fetal heart, provides an assessment of clinical, echocardiographic and some laboratory changes in the functioning of the cardiovascular system in newborns from mothers with diabetes mellitus, and also systematizes data on the relationship between maternal diabetes and the risks of cardiovascular disease in their children in the long term.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.