vestimИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия медицинских наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series1814-60232524-2350The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1814-6023-2018-15-1-119-125vestim-421Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ ГИППОКАМПА ПРИ АНТЕНАТАЛЬНОЙ АЛКОГОЛИЗАЦИИMORPHOFUNCTIONAL DISORDERS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AT ANTENATAL ALCOHOLIZATIONЗиматкинС. М.ZimatkinSergey M.

д-р биол. наук, заведующий кафедрой

ул. Горького, 80, 230015, г. Гродно

D. Sc. (Biol.), Head of the Department

80, Gorky Str., 230015, Grodno

smzimatkin@mail.ruБоньЕ. И.BonLizaveta I.

ассистент

ул. Горького, 80, 230015, г. Гродно

Assistant

80, Gorky Str., 230015, Grodno

kudyan@tut.byГродненский государственный медицинский университетGrodno State Medical University201804032018151119125Copyright © Зиматкин С.М., Бонь Е.И., 20182018Зиматкин С.М., Бонь Е.И.Zimatkin S.M., Bon L.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestimed.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/421

В обзоре обобщены данные литературы о морфофункциональных нарушениях гиппокампа, возникающих под воздействием антенатальной алкоголизации. Гиппокамп находится в глубине больших полушарий головного мозга, входит в состав височной доли и относится к обонятельному мозгу. Он состоит из плотно упакованных в ленточную структуру клеток, которые расположены вдоль медиальных стенок нижних рогов боковых желудочков мозга. Одна из классификаций относит гиппокамп вместе с обонятельной корой к древней коре (архикортекс), а другая – к старой (палеокортекс). Пренатальная алкоголизация приводит к развитию ряда специфических нарушений в организме плода, объединяемых в понятие «фетальный алкогольный синдром» (ФАС), входящий в «спектр нарушений плода, вызванных алкоголем» (fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, FASD). Гиппокамп является одной из областей мозга, наиболее уязвимых к воздействию этанола. В литературе имеются многочисленные сведения о разнообразных морфологических нарушениях в гиппокампе людей и животных, перенесших антенатальное воздействие алкоголя: от анатомических до субклеточных и молекулярных. Эти нарушения могут лежать в основе аномалий развития мозга, неврологических, поведенческих и психических расстройств, наблюдаемых при воздействии алкоголя на плод. 

The review summarizes the literature data on hippocampus morphofunctional disorders that which arise under the action of antenatal alcoholization. The hippocampus is located deep in the cerebral hemispheres, is part of the temporal lobe, belongs to the olfactory brain and consists of tightly packed cells in the ribbon structure that extend along the medial walls of the lower horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain in the anteroposterior direction. One of the classifications refers the hippocampus along with the olfactory cortex to the ancient cortex (archcortex), and the other – to the old (paleocortex). Prenatal alcoholization leads to the fact that a number of specific disorders develop in the fetus. They are integrated into the concept of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) entering the “fetal alcohol spectrum disorders” (FASD). The hippocampus is one of the regions of the brain most vulnerable to the ethanol effects. The literature contains numerous data on various morphological disorders in the hippocampus of people and animals who have suffered from the antenatal alcoholization: from anatomical to subcellular and molecular. They can underlie brain abnormalities, neurological, behavioral and psychiatric disorders observed when the fetus is exposed to alcohol. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.