vestimИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия медицинских наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series1814-60232524-2350The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1814-6023-2026-23-2-104-114vestim-1083Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINEРоль молекулярно­генетических маркеров в развитии коморбидных заболеваний у недоношенных детейThe role of molecular genetic markers in the development of comorbid diseases in premature infantshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4543-2862МихаленкоЕ. П.MikhalenkaA. P.

Михаленко Елена Петровна – канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск

Alena P. Mikhalenka – Ph. D. (Biol.), Leading Researcher

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

E.Michalenko@igc.byhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-4103-7678СухареваА. П.SukharavaA. P.

Сухарева Анастасия Павловна – врач-неонатолог, заведующий отделением. Клинический родильный дом Минской области

ул. Ф. Скорины, 16, 220076, г. Минск

Anastasiya P. Sukharava – Neonatologist, Head of the Department. Clinical Maternity Hospital of the Minsk Region

16, F. Skoriny Str., 220076, Minsk

nstbor@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-5580-729XАртюшевскаяМ. B.RtsiusheuskayaM. V.

Артюшевская Марина Владимировна – канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры. Институт повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров здравоохранения БГМУ

ул. П. Бровки, 3/3, 220013, г. Минск

Maryna V. Artsiusheuskaya – Ph. D. (Med.), Assistant of the Department. Institute for Advanced Training and Retraining of Healthcare Personnel of BSMU

3/3, P. Brovki Str., 220013

6579542@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-9786КильчевскийА. В.KilchevskyA.

Кильчевский Александр Владимирович – академик, д-р биол. наук, профессор, науч. руководитель лаборатории

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск

Aleksandr V. Kilchevsky – Academician, D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Scientific Director of the Laboratory

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

Kilchev@presidium.bas-net.byИнститут генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук БеларусиInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusКлинический родильный дом Минской области; Белорусский государственный медицинский университетClinical Maternity Hospital of the Minsk Region; Belarusian State Medical University202627052026232104114Copyright © Михаленко Е.П., Сухарева А.П., Артюшевская М.B., Кильчевский А.В., 20262026Михаленко Е.П., Сухарева А.П., Артюшевская М.B., Кильчевский А.В.Mikhalenka A.P., Sukharava A.P., rtsiusheuskaya M.V., Kilchevsky A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestimed.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1083

Уровень заболеваемости недоношенных новорожденных остается стабильно высоким. Развитие у них таких заболеваний, как бронхолёгочная дисплазия (БЛД), ретинопатия недоношенных (РН), перивентрикулярная лейкомаляция (ПВЛ), является важной медицинской и социальной проблемой. Поиск новых маркеров генетической предрасположенности к коморбидным заболеваниям у недоношенных новорожденных будет способствовать пониманию патогенетических механизмов и позволит определять риски развития патологии. Цель данного исследования – установить влияние полиморфизма генов антиоксидантной системы (SOD2, GSTP1) и генов матриксных мелаллопротеиназ (MMP2, MMP9) на формирование коморбидных заболеваний у недоношенных детей. Выявлено, что носительство аллеля T (генотипы CT и TT) полиморфизма rs4880 гена SOD2 ассоциировано с повышенной концентрацией лактата в крови ( p = 0,022), что может указывать на роль данного полиморфизма в метаболизме и реакции на окислительный стресс. В то же время влияния генетического полиморфизма ферментов антиоксидантной защиты (SOD2 и GSTP1) на риск развития коморбидной патологии не установлено. Факторами, участвующими в патогенезе развития коморбидной патологии у недоношенных детей в сроке гестации 28–31 неделя являются генотип АА локуса rs17576 гена MMP9, а также сочетание генотипа АА локуса rs17576 гена MMP9 с генотипом GG локуса rs243866 гена MMP2 ( р = 0,01 и р = 0,0037 соответственно).

The incidence of morbidity in premature infants remains consistently high. The development of diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants is a significant medical and social problem. The search for new markers of genetic predisposition to comorbid diseases in premature infants will contribute to an understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and will help determine the risks of pathologу development. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of polymorphisms of antioxidant system genes (SOD2, GSTP1) and matrix metalloproteinase genes (MMP2, MMP9) on the formation of comorbid diseases in premature infants. It was found that carriage of the T allele (CT and TT genotypes) of the rs4880 polymorphism of the SOD2 gene is associated with an increased concentration of lactate in the blood ( p = 0.022). This finding may indicate its role in metabolism and response to oxidative stress. At the same time, the influence of genetic polymorphism of antioxidant defense enzymes (SOD2 and GSTP1) on the risk of developing comorbid pathology has not been established. The factors involved in the pathogenesis of comorbid pathology in preterm infants born at 28–31 weeks of gestation are the AA genotype of the rs17576 locus in the MMP9 gene, as well as the combination of the AA genotype of the rs17576 locus in the MMP9 gene with the GG genotype of the rs243866 locus in the MMP2 gene ( p = 0.01 and p = 0.0037, respectively).

недоношенные новорожденныекоморбидные заболеваниягены антиоксидантной системыгены матриксных мелаллопротеиназprematuritycomorbid diseasesantioxidant system genesmatrix metalloproteinase genesReferencesPreterm birth // World Health Organization. – Geneva, 2023. – URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/de- tail/preterm-birth (date of access: 10.12.2025).Preterm birth. World Health Organization. Avaliable at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm- birth (accessed 10.12.2025).Заболеваемость новорожденных – достижения и нерешенные проблемы / П. Л. Мосько, Г. А. Шишко, Т. В. Калинина, М. В. Артюшевская // От истоков к достижениям XXI века: сб. науч. тр. науч.-практ. конф. с междунар. участием, посв. 90-летию БелМАПО, Минск, 7–8 окт. 2021 г. / Бел. мед. акад. последипломн. образования; редкол.: А. Н. Чуканов [и др.]. – Мн., 2021. – С. 474–478.Mos’ko P. L., Shishko G. A., Kalinina T. V., Artyushevskaya M. V. Neonatal morbidity: achievements and unresolved issues. Ot istokov k dostizheniyam XXI veka: sbornik nauchnykh trudov nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvyashchennoi 90-letiyu BelMAPO, Minsk, 7–8 oktyabrya 2021 goda [From the origins to the achievements of the 21st century: a collection of scientific papers from the scientific and practical conference with international participation dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, October 7–8, 2021]. Minsk, 2021, pp. 474–478 (in Russian).Redefining Neurodevelopmental Impairment: Perspectives of Very Preterm Birth Stakeholders / A. Synnes, A. Chera, L. L. Richter [et al.] // Children. – 2023. – Vol. 10, N 5. – Art. 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10050880Synnes A., Chera A., Richter L. L., Bone J. N., Bourque C. J., Zhang-Jiang S., Pearce R., Janvier A., Luu T. M. Redefining Neurodevelopmental Impairment: Perspectives of Very Preterm Birth Stakeholders. Children, 2023, vol. 10, no. 5, art. 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10050880Identifying Risk Factors Shared by Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Severe Retinopathy, and Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia in Very Preterm Infants for Targeted Intervention / L.-W. Wang, Y.-Ch. Lin, Sh.-T. Wang, Ch.-Ch. Huang // Neonatology. – 2018. – Vol. 114, N 1. – P. 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1159/000487505Wang L.-W., Lin Y.-Ch., Wang Sh.-T., Huang Ch.-Ch. Identifying Risk Factors Shared by Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Severe Retinopathy, and Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia in Very Preterm Infants for Targeted Intervention. Neonatology, 2018, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1159/000487505Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity among preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia / H. Zhang, Y. Jiang, X. Zhang [et al.] // The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. – 2025. – Vol. 38, N 1. – Art. 2497058. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2025.2497058Zhang H., Jiang Y., Zhang X., Su L., Yu Y., Li L., Liu D. Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity among preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2025, vol. 38, no. 1, art. 2497058. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2025.2497058Factors associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia / A. Yazici, M. Buyuktiryaki, G. K. Simsek [et al.] // European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. – 2022. – Vol. 26, N 5. – P. 1579–1585. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202203_28224Yazici A., Buyuktiryaki M., Simsek G. K., Kutman H. G. K., Canpolat F. E. Factors associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2022, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1579–1585. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202203_28224Risk Factors for Periventricular Leukomalacia in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and GRADEBased Assessment of Certainty of Evidence / T. Abiramalatha, T. Bandyopadhyay, V. V. Ramaswamy [et al.] // Pediatric Neurology. – 2021. – Vol. 124. – P. 51–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.08.003Abiramalatha T., Bandyopadhyay T., Ramaswamy V. V., Shaik N. B., Thanigainathan S., Pullattayil A. K., Amboiram P. Risk Factors for Periventricular Leukomalacia in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and GRADE-Based Assessment of Certainty of Evidence. Pediatric Neurology, 2021, vol. 124, pp. 51–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.08.003Oxygen and oxidative stress in the perinatal period / I. Torres-Cuevas, A. Parra-Llorca, A. Sánchez-Illana [et al.] // Redox Biology. – 2017. – Vol. 12. – P. 674–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.011Torres-Cuevas I., Parra-Llorca A., Sánchez-Illana A., Nuñez-Ramiro A., Kuligowski J., Cháfer-Pericás C., Cernada M., Escobar J., Vento M. Oxygen and oxidative stress in the perinatal period. Redox Biology, 2017, vol. 12, pp. 674–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.011Reactive oxygen species – sources, functions, oxidative damage / K. Jakubczyk, K. Dec, J. Kałduńska [et al.] // Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski. – 2020. – Vol. 48, N 284. – P. 124–127.Jakubczyk K., Dec K., Kałduńska J., Kawczuga D., Kochman J., Janda K. Reactive oxygen species – sources, functions, oxidative damage. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski, 2020, vol. 48, no. 284, pp. 124–127.Oxygen in the neonatal period: Oxidative stress, oxygen load and epigenetic changes / Sh. Lorente-Pozo, A. ParraLlorca, I. Lara-Cantón [et al.] // Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. – 2020. – Vol. 25, N 2. – Art. 101090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2020.101090Lorente-Pozo S., Parra-Llorca A., Lara-Cantón I., Solaz A., García-Jiménez J. L., Pallardó F. V., Vento M. Oxygen in the neonatal period: Oxidative stress, oxygen load and epigenetic changes. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2020, vol. 25, no. 2, art. 101090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2020.101090Lembo, C. Oxidative stress in preterm newborns / C. Lembo, G. Buonocore, S. Perrone // Antioxidants. – 2021. – Vol. 10, N 11. – Art. 1672. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111672Lembo C., Buonocore G., Perrone S. Oxidative Stress in Preterm. Newborns, 2021, vol. 10, no. 11, art. 1672. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111672A Pathogenic Relationship of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity? A Review of Angiogenic Mediators in Both Diseases / A. Stark, Ch. Dammann, H. C. Nielsen, M. V. Volpe // Frontiers in Pediatrics. – 2018. – Vol. 6. – Art. 125. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00125Stark A., Dammann C., Nielsen H. C., Volpe M. V. A Pathogenic Relationship of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity? A Review of Angiogenic Mediators in Both Diseases. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2018, vol. 6, art. 125. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00125Biomarkers in retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis / M. Almutairi, K. Chechalk, E. Deane [et al.] // Frontiers in Pediatrics. – 2024. – Vol. 12. – Art. 1371776. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1371776Almutairi M., Chechalk K., Deane E., Fox R., Janes A., Maguire-Henry T. [et al.]. Biomarkers in retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2024, vol. 12, art. 1371776. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1371776Полиморфизмы генов MMP2 и MMP9 у недоношенных новорожденных с синдромом дыхательных расстройств / О. М. Малышева, Е. П. Михаленко, М. В. Артюшевская [и др.] // Молекулярная и прикладная генетика: сб. науч. тр. / Ин-т генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси. – Мн., 2020. – Т. 28. – С. 69–79.Malysheva O. M., Mikhalenko E. P., Artyushevskaya M. V., Sukhareva A. P., Gomolko K. A., Kil’chevskii A. V., Shishko G. A. Polymorphisms of MMP2 and MMP9 genes in premature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. Molekulyarnaya i prikladnaya genetika: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Molecular and applied genetics: collection of scientific papers]. Minsk, 2020, vol. 28, pp. 69–79 (in Russian).Генетический полиморфизм компонентов системы ангиогенеза и тканевого ремоделирования у недоношенных новорожденных с осложнениями неонатального периода / О. М. Малышева, Е. П. Михаленко, Ю. В. Полюхович [и др.] // Молекулярная и прикладная генетика: сб. науч. тр. / Ин-т генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси. – Мн., 2023. – Т. 35. – С. 110–122.Malysheva O. M., Mikhalenko E. P., Polyukhovich Yu. V., Kuz’minova E. I., Sukhareva A. P., Artyushevskaya M. V., Gomolko K. A., Kil’chevskii A. V. Genetic polymorphism of angiogenesis and tissue remodeling system components in premature newborns with neonatal complication. Molekulyarnaya i prikladnaya genetika: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Molecular and applied genetics: collection of scientific papers]. Minsk, 2023, vol. 35, pp. 110–122 (in Russian).Легкие новорожденных. Проблемы и противоречия в неонатологии: пер. с англ. / С. Х. Абман, Д. А. Уитсетт, А. Х. Джоуб [и др.]; под ред. Э. Банкалари. – М.: Логосфера, 2015. – 648 с.Abman S. H., Anderson P. J., Aschner J. L., Baker Ch., Balasubramaniam V., Bancalari E. [et al.]. The Newborn Lung. Neonatology Questions and Controversies. Philadelphia, Saunders/Elsevier, 2008. 487 p.Дементьева, И. И. Лабораторная диагностика и клиническая оценка нарушений гомеостаза у больных в критическом состоянии / И. И. Дементьева. – М.: Рос. науч. центр хирургии РАМН, 2005. – 85 с.Dement’eva I. I. Laboratory diagnostics and clinical assessment of homeostasis disorders in critically ill patients. Moscow, Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 2005. 85 p. (in Russian).Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2): is there a center in the universe of mitochondrial redox signaling? / X. Zou, B. A. Ratti, J. G. O’Brien [et al.] // Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes. – 2017. – Vol. 49, N 4. – P. 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-017-9718-8Zou X., Ratti B. A., O’Brien J. G., Lautenschlager S. O., Gius D. R., Bonini M. G., Zhu Y. Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2): is there a center in the universe of mitochondrial redox signaling? Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, 2017, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-017-9718-8The manganese superoxide dismutase Ala16Val dimorphism modulates both mitochondrial import and mRNA stability / A. Sutton, A. Imbert, A. Igoudjil [et al.] // Pharmacogenetics and Genomics. – 2005. – Vol. 15, N 5. – P. 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1097/01213011-200505000-00006Sutton A., Imbert A., Igoudjil A., Descatoire V., Cazanave S., Pessayre D., Degoul F. The manganese superoxide dismutase Ala16Val dimorphism modulates both mitochondrial import and mRNA stability. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 2005, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1097/01213011-200505000-00006Gupta, S. V. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase Sod2 suppresses nuclear genome instability during oxidative stress / S. V. Gupta, L. Campos, K. H. Schmidt // Genetics. – 2023. – Vol. 225, N 2. – Art. iyad147. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad147Gupta S. V., Campos L., Schmidt K. H. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase Sod2 suppresses nuclear genome instability during oxidative stress. Genetics, 2023, vol. 225, no. 2, art. iyad147. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad147MRP2 and GSTP1 polymorphisms and chemotherapy response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer / N. Sun, X. Sun, B. Chen [et al.] // Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. – 2010. – Vol. 65, N 3. – P. 437–446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-009-1046-1Sun N., Sun X., Chen B., Cheng H., Feng J., Cheng L., Lu Z. MRP2 and GSTP1 polymorphisms and chemotherapy response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 2010, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 437–446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-009-1046-1Dai, X. Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Associations and Gene-Environment Interactions for Asthma / X. Dai, D. S. Bui, C. Lodge // Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. – 2021. – Vol. 21, N 5. – Art. 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882021-01005-yDai X., Bui D. S., Lodge C. Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Associations and Gene-Environment Interactions for Asthma. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 2021, vol. 21, no. 5, art. 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-021-01005-yGenetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes in preterm infants / Ch. Poggi, B. Giusti, A. Vestri [et al.] // The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. – 2012. – Vol. 25, Suppl. 4. – P. 131–134. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058. 2012.714976Poggi Ch., Giusti B., Vestri A., Pasquini E., Abbate R., Dani C. Genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes in preterm infants. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2012, vol. 25, suppl. 4, pp. 131–134. doi:10.3109/14767058.2012.714976GSTP1 and CYP2B6 Genetic Polymorphisms and the Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Neonates / S. Zachaki, A. Daraki, E. Polycarpou [et al.] // American Journal of Perinatology. – 2017. – Vol. 34, N 8. – P. 729–734. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597994Zachaki S., Daraki A., Polycarpou E., Stavropoulou Ch., Manola K. N., Gavrili S. GSTP1 and CYP2B6 Genetic Polymorphisms and the Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Neonates. American Journal of Perinatology, 2017, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 729–734. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597994Genetic Variability in Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, and Neurodevelopmental Pathways: Impact on the Susceptibility and Course of Spinal Muscular Atrophy / M. Barbo, B. Koritnik, L. Leonardis [et al.] // Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. – 2024. – Vol. 44, N 1. – Art. 71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-024-01508-yBarbo M., Koritnik B., Leonardis L., Blagus T., Dolžan V., Ravnik-Glavač M. Genetic Variability in Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, and Neurodevelopmental Pathways: Impact on the Susceptibility and Course of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2024, vol. 44, no. 1, art. 71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-024-01508-yCorrelation of GSTP1 rs1695 and CAT rs769217 with elevated AST induced by valproate sodium in Chinese children with epilepsy / L. Wang, H. Li, G. Zeng [et al.] // Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. – 2021. – Vol. 34, N 5. – P. 1759–1766.Wang L., Li H., Zeng G., Shi L., Zhu M., Luo J., Zhang Z. Correlation of GSTP1 rs1695 and CAT rs769217 with elevated AST induced by valproate sodium in Chinese children with epilepsy. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1759–1766.Cui, N. Biochemical and Biological Attributes of Matrix Metalloproteinases / N. Cui, M. Hu, R. A. Khalil // Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science. – 2017. – Vol. 147. – P. 1–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.02.005Cui N., Hu M., Khalil R. A. Biochemical and Biological Attributes of Matrix Metalloproteinases. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 2017, vol. 147, pp. 1–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.02.005Wang X. Matrix Metalloproteinases, Vascular Remodeling, and Vascular Disease / X. Wang, R. A. Khalil // Advances in Pharmacology. – 2018. – Vol. 81. – P. 241–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2017.08.002Wang X., Khalil R. A. Matrix Metalloproteinases, Vascular Remodeling, and Vascular Disease. Advances in Pharmacology, 2018, vol. 81, pp. 241–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2017.08.002Hendrix, A. Y. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Development, Repair, and Destruction of the Lungs / A. Y. Hendrix, F. Kheradmand // Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science. – 2017. – Vol. 148. – P. 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.004Hendrix A. Y., Kheradmand F. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Development, Repair, and Destruction of the Lungs. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 2017, vol. 148, pp. 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.004Singh M. Metalloproteinases as mediators of inflammation and the eyes: molecular genetic underpinnings governing ocular pathophysiology / M. Singh, S. C. Tyagi // International Journal of Ophthalmology. – 2017. – Vol. 10, N 8. – P. 1308– 1318. https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2017.08.20Singh M., Tyagi S. C. Metalloproteinases as mediators of inflammation and the eyes: molecular genetic underpinnings governing ocular pathophysiology. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 2017, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 1308–1318. https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2017.08.20An interplay of microglia and matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 under hypoxic stress regulates the opticin expression in retina / S. Patnaik, M. Rai, S. Jalali [et al.] // Scientific Reports. – 2021. – Vol. 11, N 1. – Art. 7444. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86302-2Patnaik S., Rai M., Jalali S., Agarwal K., Badakere A., Puppala L., Vishwakarma S. [et al.]. An interplay of microglia and matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 under hypoxic stress regulates the opticin expression in retina. Scientific Reports, 2021, vol. 11, no. 1, art. 7444. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86302-2Pharmacologic and Genetic Manipulation of MMP-2 and -9 Affects Retinal Neovascularization in Rodent Models of OIR / J. M. Barnett, G. W. McCollum, J. A. Fowler [et al.] // Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science. – 2007. – Vol. 48, N 2. – P. 907–915. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.06-0082Barnett J. M., McCollum G. W., Fowler J. A., Duan J. J.-W., Kay J. D., Liu R.-Q., Bingaman D. P., Penn J. S. Pharmacologic and Genetic Manipulation of MMP-2 and -9 Affects Retinal Neovascularization in Rodent Models of OIR. Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science, 2007, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 907–915. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.06-0082Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases during normal human pulmonary development / K. Masumoto, J. D. De Rooij, S. Suita [et al.] // Histopathology. – 2005. – Vol. 47, N 4. – P. 410–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02228.xMasumoto K., De Rooij J. D., Suita S., Rottier R., Tibboel D., De Krijger R. R. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases during normal human pulmonary development. Histopathology, 2005, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 410–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02228.xGelatinase activities in the airways of premature infants and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia / C. Danan, P.-H. Jarreau, M.-L. Franco [et al.] // American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. – 2002. – Vol. 283, N 5. – P. L1086–L1093. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00066.2002Danan C., Jarreau P.-H., Franco M.-L., Dassieu G., Grillon Ch., Alsamad I. A., Lafuma Ch., Harf A., Delacourt Ch. Gelatinase activities in the airways of premature infants and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2002, vol. 283, no. 5, pp. L1086–L1093. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00066.2002Low Levels of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases with a High Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Ratio Are Present in Tracheal Aspirate Fluids of Infants Who Develop Chronic Lung Disease / I. I. Ekekezie, D. W. Thibeault, S. D. Simon [et al.] // Pediatrics. – 2004. – Vol. 113, N 6. – P. 1709–1714. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.6.1709Ekekezie I. I., Thibeault D. W., Simon S. D., Norberg M., Merrill J. D., Ballard R. A., Ballard Ph. L., Truog W. E. Low Levels of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases with a High Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/Tissue Inhibitor of Metaloproteinase-1 Ratio Are Present in Tracheal Aspirate Fluids of Infants Who Develop Chronic Lung Disease. Pediatrics, 2004, vol. 113, no. 6, pp. 1709–1714. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.6.1709P. The significance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the ischemic stroke / J. Kurzepa, J. Kurzepa, Golab [et al.] // International Journal of Neuroscience. – 2014. – Vol. 124, N 10. – P. 707–716. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207 454.2013.872102. Kurzepa J., Kurzepa J., Golab P., Czerska S., Bielewicz J. The significance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the ischemic stroke. International Journal of Neuroscience, 2014, vol. 124, no. 10, pp. 707–716. https://doi.org/10.3 109/00207454.2013.872102The MMP-2 and MMP-9 promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to salivary gland cancer / M. Radunovic, N. Nikolic, S. Milenkovic [et al.] // Journal of BUON. – 2016. – Vol. 21, N 3. – P. 597–602.Radunovic M., Nikolic N., Milenkovic S., Tomanovic N., Boricic I., Dimitrijevic M., Novakovic I., Basta-Jovanovic G. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to salivary gland cancer. Journal of BUON, 2016, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 597–602.Extracellular matrix remodeling genes polymorphisms and risk of chronic bronchitis and recurrent pneumonia in children / G. F. Korytina, L. Z. Akhmadishina, E. V. Viktorova [et al.] // Journal of Human Genetics. – 2013. – Vol. 58, N 7. – P. 467–474. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2013.24Korytina G. F., Akhmadishina L. Z., Viktorova E. V., Tselousova O. S., Danilko K. V., Kochetova O. V., Viktorova T. V. Extracellular matrix remodeling genes polymorphisms and risk of chronic bronchitis and recurrent pneumonia in children. Journal of Human Genetics, 2013, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 467–474. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2013.24

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.