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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestim</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной  академии наук Беларуси. Серия медицинских наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-6023</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2350</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1814-6023-2026-23-1-29-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestim-1071</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-инструментальная характеристика легочных форм туберкулеза и параметры наноструктурной организации микобактерий c множественной лекарственной устойчивостью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis and nanostructural characteristics of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-1849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцкевич</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatskevich</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яцкевич Наталья Викторовна – канд. мед. наук, доцент, вед. науч. сотрудник</p><p>Долгиновский тракт, 157, 220080, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Yatskevich – Ph. D. (Med.), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher </p><p>ул. Филимонова, 23, 220114, г. Минск</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yahoravanatallia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асташонок</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astashonok</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асташонок Андрей Николаевич – канд. биол. наук, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>ул. Филимонова, 23, 220114, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Astashonok – Ph. D. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory</p><p>23, Filimonova Str., 220114, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">micro.87@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>A. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Анастасия Леонидовна – мл. науч. сотрудник </p><p>Долгиновский тракт, 157, 220080, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia L. Ivanova – Junior Researcher</p><p>157, Dolginovsky Tract, 220080, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">strinovich96@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-0272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрягина</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryagina</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скрягина Елена Михайловна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель директора </p><p>Долгиновский тракт, 157, 220080, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena M. Skryagina – D. Sc. (Med.), Deputy Director.</p><p>157, Dolginovsky Tract, 220080, Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полещук</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poleshchuk</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полещук Николай Николаевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотрудник </p><p>ул. Филимонова, 23, 220114, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikalay N. Poleshchuk – D. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Chief Researche</p><p>23, Filimonova Str., 220114, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pnn@belriem.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр пульмонологии и фтизиатрии</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pulmonology and Phthisiology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский центр гигиены, эпидемиологии и общественного здоровья</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яцкевич Н.В., Асташонок А.Н., Иванова A.Л., Скрягина Е.М., Полещук Н.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яцкевич Н.В., Асташонок А.Н., Иванова A.Л., Скрягина Е.М., Полещук Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yatskevich N.V., Astashonok A.N., Ivanova A.L., Skryagina E.M., Poleshchuk N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestimed.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1071">https://vestimed.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1071</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе проанализированы клинико-инструментальные особенности течения инфекционного процесса при туберкулезе (ТБ) легких, а также охарактеризованы архитектоника и морфогенез Mycobacterium tuberculosis, обладающих множественной лекарственной устойчивостью/устойчивостью к рифампицину (МЛУ/РУ), в том числе пре-широкой лекарственной устойчивостью (пре-ШЛУ).</p><p>На базе РНПЦ пульмонологии и фтизиатрии проведено проспективное нерандомизированное исследование, в которое было включено 40 пациентов (30 мужчин (75,0 %), 10 женщин (25,0 %)) в возрасте от 34 лет до 61 года с МЛУ/РУ-ТБ, пре-ШЛУ-ТБ. Проведен анализ результатов микробиологического исследования диагностического материала, клинико-рентгенологического обследования включенных пациентов. Изучена архитектоника и морфогенез M. tuberculosis.</p><p>Установлено, что медиана (Me) [IQR] времени конверсии культуры мокроты в группе пациентов с благоприятным исходом (БИ) составила 54,0 [32,0; 83,0] дня, с неблагоприятным исходом (НИ) – 101,0 [86,8; 188,3] дня (p &lt; 0,0001). Выявлены значимые различия в толщине слоя миколовых кислот при переходе от микобацилл (12 [10; 12] нм) к округлым морфоварам (30 [30; 37,5] нм, p &lt; 0,0001). Показано, что коэффициент жесткости поверхности микобактерий был значительно больше в группе пациентов с НИ лечения по сравнению с пациентами с БИ лечения: Me – 58,3 [48,2; 67,6] пН/µм против Me – 7,0 [5,2; 7,4] пН/µм. Коэффициент жесткости поверхности штамма M. tuberculosis (H37Rv), чувствительного к противотуберкулезным лекарственным препаратам, составил 5–7 пН/µм.</p><p>Показано, что среди палочковидных морфоваров микобактерий отмечается смещение механически жестких зон к середине бактериальной структуры. Изменения в архитектонике миколовых кислот, появление форм с жесткой оболочкой может коррелировать с вирулентностью микобактерий и клиническим течением заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To analyze clinical and instrumental features of the infectious process course in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and to characterize of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with multidrug resistance/resistance to rifampicin (MDR/RR), pre-extensively drug resistance (pre-XDR) architectonics and morphogenesis.</p><p>A prospective non-randomized study was conducted at the RSPC for Pulmonology and Phthisiology. 40 MDR/RR-TB, pre-XDR-TB patients (30 men (75.0 %), 10 women (25.0 %)) aged 34 to 61 years were included. The results of diagnostic material microbiological examination, clinical, chest X-ray examination of included patients were analyzed. The architectonics and morphogenesis of M. tuberculosis were studied.</p><p>Median (Me) [IQR] time to culture conversion in patients with favorable treatment outcome (FTO) was 54.0 [32.0; 83.0], with unfavorable treatment outcome (UTO) – 101.0 [86.8; 188.3] days (p &lt; 0.0001). Significant differences in mycolic acid layer thickness were found when transferring from mycobacilli (12 [10; 12] nm) to rounded morphovars (30 [30; 37.5] nm, p &lt; 0.0001). Mycobacterium surface stiffness coefficient was significantly higher in patients with UTO than in patients with FTO (Me – 58.3 [48.2; 67.6] pN/µm vs. Me – 7.0 [5.2; 7.4] pN/µm). The surface stiffness coefficient of the M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) strain, susceptible to anti-TB drugs, was 5–7 pN/μm.</p><p>Among bacillary mycobacteria morphovars there is a shift of mechanically rigid zones to the middle of the bacterial structure. Changes in the architectonics of mycolic acids, the appearance of forms with a rigid envelope may correlate with the virulence of mycobacteria and the clinical course of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>коэффициент жесткости</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>surface stiffness coefficient</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global tuberculosis report 2024 / World Health Organization. – Geneva, 2024. – 69 p. – URL: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/379339/9789240101531-eng.pdf?sequence=1 (date of access: 10.06.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2024. Geneva, 2024. 69 p. 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