vestimИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия медицинских наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series1814-60232524-2350The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1814-6023-2025-22-3-183-194vestim-1040Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINEСвязь иммунного профиля пуповинной крови и грудного молока с манифестацией аллергических заболеваний у детейAssociation of umbilical cord blood and breast milk immune composition with allergic disease manifestationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7803-5460ТихонН. М.TsikhanN. M.

Тихон Наталья Михайловна – канд. мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедройул. Горького, 80, 230009, г. Гродно, Республика Беларусь

Natallia M. Tsikhan – Ph. D. (Med.), Associate Professor,Head of the Department

tsikhannat@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-0085-0661ЛяликовС. А.LialikauS. A.

Ляликов Сергей Александрович ‒ д-р мед. наук, профессор 

ул. Горького, 80, 230009, г. Гродно, Республика Беларусь

Siarhei A. Lialikau – D. Sc. (Med.), Professor

lalikov@tut.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-4705БелевцевМ. В.BelevtsevM. V.

Белевцев Михаил Владимирович ‒ канд. биол. наук,доцент, заместитель директора по научной работе223053, д. Боровляны, Минский р-н, Республика Беларусь, ул. Фрунзенская, 43,

Mikhail V. Belevtsev – Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Professor,Head of Research Department

belevtsev_m@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-8688КузнецовО. Е.KuzniatsouA. E.

Кузнецов Олег Евгеньевич – канд. биол. наук, доцент,директорпл. Ан. Тызенгауза, 7, 230023 г. Гродно, Республика Беларусь 

Aleh E. Kuzniatsou – Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Professor,Director

olegkuznetsov@inbox.ruЗверкоВ. Л.ZverkoU. L.

Зверко Владимир Леонтьевич ‒ канд. мед. наук, доцент, глав. врачул. Горького, 77, 230009, г. Гродно,Республика Беларусь

Uladzimir L. Zverko – Ph. D. (Med.), Associate Professor,Head of Center

perinatalcenter@roddom.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-7716КупчинскаяА. Н.KupchynskayaA. N.

Купчинская Александра Николаевна – науч. сотрудник

ул. Фрунзенская, 43, 223053, д. Боровляны, Минский р-н, Республика Беларусь 

Aliaksandra N. Kupchynskaya – Researcher

kupchinskayaa@gmail.comДубовикО. С.DubovikV. S.

Дубовик Ольга Сергеевна – мл. науч. сотрудникул. Фрунзенская, 43, 223053, д. Боровляны, Минский р-н, Республика Беларусь

Volha S. Dubovik – Junior Researcher

olgadubovik@mail.ruНикольскаяА. К.NikolskayaA. K.

Никольская Алена Константинована – врач акушергинеколог, заведующий отделениемул. Советских Пограничников, 115, 230027, г. Гродно,Республика Беларусь

Alena K. Nikolskaya – Gynecologist, Head of the Department

klochkonat@mail.ruГродненский государственный медицинский университет, Гродно, Республика БеларусьGrodno State Medical University, Grodno, Republic of BelarusРеспубликанский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии, д. Боровляны, Минский р-н, Республика БеларусьResearch Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, v. Borovliany, Minsk region, Republic of BelarusИнститут биохимии биологически активных соединений НАН Беларуси, Гродно, Республика БеларусьInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grodno, Republic of BelarusГродненский областной клинический перинатальный центр, Гродно, Республика БеларусьGrodno Regional Clinical Perinatal Center, Grodno, Republic of BelarusГородская клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи, Гродно, Республика БеларусьCity Clinical Emergency Hospital, Grodno, Republic of Belarus202531082025223183194Copyright © Тихон Н.М., Ляликов С.А., Белевцев М.В., Кузнецов О.Е., Зверко В.Л., Купчинская А.Н., Дубовик О.С., Никольская А.К., 20252025Тихон Н.М., Ляликов С.А., Белевцев М.В., Кузнецов О.Е., Зверко В.Л., Купчинская А.Н., Дубовик О.С., Никольская А.К.Tsikhan N.M., Lialikau S.A., Belevtsev M.V., Kuzniatsou A.E., Zverko U.L., Kupchynskaya A.N., Dubovik V.S., Nikolskaya A.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestimed.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1040

Многие аллергические заболевания манифестируют уже в детском возрасте. Самыми ранними проявлениями аллергии являются атопический дерматит и пищевая аллергия. Период от внутриутробного до раннего постнатального развития наиболее уязвим с точки зрения становления иммунной системы ребенка и формирования фенотипов предрасположенности к болезням. Цель работы – провести сравнительный анализ иммунного профиля пуповинной крови и грудного молокав группах детей, имеющих в катамнезе аллергическое заболевание, и у здоровых детей. В 3-летнее проспективное когортное исследование были включены 379 беременных женщин и рожденные ими дети. Материалы для исследования: пуповинная кровь; грудное молоко, полученное через 1 и 3 мес. после рождения ребенка. Концентрации IgE, sIgA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-25, TSLP, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL10 определяли методом ИФА. Дети, имеющие в катамнезе пищевую аллергию, были подвергнуты воздействию значительно более высоких концентраций IgE (р  =  0,008) внутриутробно через пуповинную кровь, а в первые месяцы после рождения получали с грудным молоком меньшие (р =  0,0025) количества sIgA, чем дети без пищевой аллергии в катамнезе. Дети, имеющие в катамнезе атопический дерматит, были подвергнуты воздействию значительно более высоких концентраций IgE (р  =  0,007) и IFN-γ (р  =  0,017) внутриутробно через пуповинную кровь, а в первые месяцы после родов получали с грудным молоком IL-5 в относительно более высоких концентрациях (р  =  0,04), чем дети без атопического дерматита в катамнезе. Связи с другими цитокинами не выявлено.Таким образом, представлены данные о связи манифестации атопического дерматита и пищевой аллергии у детей раннего возраста с экспозицией внутриутробно через пуповинную кровь и в ранний постнатальный период через грудное молоко более высоких концентраций IL-5, IgE, IFN-γ и более низких уровней sIgA, что свидетельствует о вероятности иммунного программирования.

Some allergic diseases begin in childhood. Most cases of atopic dermatitis and food allergies develop in early childhood. The intrauterine and early postnatal periods are the most vulnerable times in terms of immune system maturation and the formation of a predisposition to diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the immune profile of umbilical cord blood and breast milk with the development of allergic diseases in children. A total of 379 mother-child pairs were enrolled in the 3-year prospective cohort study. The following were measured in umbilical cord blood specimens and in breast milk samples (collected in one and three months after birth) using an ELISA test: IgE, sIgA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-25, TSLP, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL10. IgE levels in cord blood (р = 0.008) were higher and sIgA levels (р = 0.0025) in breast milk (collected within 3 months after birth) were lower in children who developed a food allergy than those in children who did not develop a food allergy. Children who developed atopic dermatitis were exposed in utero to higher cord blood concentrations of IgE (р  =  0.007) and IFN-γ (р = 0.017). In the early postnatal period they were exposed (within first month) to higher breast milk concentrations of IL-5 (р = 0.04) than healthy children. Thus, the data presented have determined a relationship between food allergy or atopic dermatitis manifestation in toddlers and intrauterine exposure via cord blood, as well as postnatal exposure via breast milk to higher concentrations of IL-5, IgE, IFN-γ and lower sIgA level. This suggests a high likelihood for immune programming.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.