ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN PERSONS OF MILITARY AGE

Currently, the Armed Forces are facing the problem of the death of personnel who committed suicide, which makes it important to look for the reasons of suicidal behavior. The study involved 169 men, divided into two groups: the first group consisted of persons of military age, in the amount of 115 people and the second group included 54 people who committed parasuicide using highly lethal methods of self-harm (GLIVS).  During  the  study,  socio-demographic  characteristics  (age, marital  status,  living  conditions,  professional  status, characteristics and conditions of upbringing) and individual psychological personality traits (type of temperament, introversion-extraversion, neuroticism, ostentatiousness, fixedness, formalism, excitability, hyperthymia, dysthymia, anxiety, exaltation, affectability, cyclothymia) were assessed. The calculations were performed using  the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Statistically significant differences between the study groups were due to the presence of differences between persons brought up in two-parent families. These groups differed in the phlegmatic type of temperament (predominant in GLIVS), the character traits of excitability, dysthymia, and hyperthymia. For GLIVS brought up in two-parent families,  in addition to the phlegmatic type of temperament, it was characterized by the presence of punishments in childhood, a lower level of education (secondary education prevailed), a lower level of neuroticism, excitability, dysthymia and anxiety, an average level of hyperthymicity. Statistically significant differences between the study groups were revealed in terms of the type of temperament, excitability, dysthymism, and hypotensiveness and were due to the presence of differences between persons brought up in full families. Individuals from full families of GLIVS are characterized by the presence of more frequent punishments in childhood, a phlegmatic type of temperament, a lower level of education, a lower level of neuroticism, excitability, dysthymia, anxiety.

Objects and research methods. The study involved 169 men, divided into two groups: the first group consisted of people of military age and consisted of 115 people (GMA), the second group included persons who had suicidal attempt with high probability of death (mainly hanging) (GSAD) and consisted of 54 people. At the time of the examination they were undergoing treatment at the State Institution "Republican Research and Practice Mental Health Center", Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
Therefore one of the main variables was whether the sample subject belonged to one of these groups. Other variables in the sample were socio-demographic characteristics (age, marital status, living conditions, occupational status, characteristics and conditions of upbringing) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Leonhard-Schmischek test (type of temperament, introversion-extraversion, neuroticism, ostentatiousness, fixedness, formalism, excitability, hyperthymia, dysthymia, anxiety, exaltation, affectability, cyclothymia). The respondents who, at the time of the examination, had an Eysenck Lie Scale score of 5 or higher were excluded from the survey.
In the analysis, some of the nominal variables were reduced to a dichotomous form. Thus, the features of child-rearing with the values "full family", "single-parent family", and "orphan" are reduced to a variable with two values: "full family" and "single-parent family, orphan". Child-rearing features with the values "were not punished", "rarely punished", "often punished", are mainly reflected by the variable with the values "were not punished", "were punished".
The results of the Leonhard-Schmischek Test are measured on a point ordinal scale and range from 0 to 24. The following grouping was used for them: 0-12 -type of accentuation is not expressed, 13-18tendency to one or another type of accentuation, 19-24 -severity of type of accentuation. The grouping intervals were ordinal variables.
The hypothesis of a statistical relationship between the variables was tested using the χ 2 test at the standard significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The effect size (strength of relationship) was estimated using Cramer coefficient for nominal variables (also recommended for estimating the strength of relationship between nominal and ordinal variables [2]) and Goodman-Kraskel γ-coefficient for ordinal variables [3]). When the permissible level of significance is exceeded (p > 0.05), the value of the Cramer coefficient and γ-coefficient was not indicated in the Table. Since the analysis involved dichotomous variables that under certain approach can be classified as both nominal and ordinal, the values of both coefficients were given for comparison in all cases.
Assuming that the distances between scale gradations are perceived equally, the Leongard-Schmischek test scores can be considered quasi-interval, or quasi-quantitative variables. In this case, the difference is defined on the scale (as on the scale of interval), and arithmetic operations are applicable to it, in particular, the calculation of the arithmetic mean and variance [2]. With this in mind, when significant differences were found between distributions of grouping intervals, the means observations of the corresponding quasi-quantitative variables were also compared, giving greater clarity to the results. To compare the means we used Student's t-test, which is considered robust (stable) to deviations of the initial data distributions from normal disstribution even for small samples (about 30), which was almost always performed in our study. The calculations were performed using the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics 22.
The aim of the study is to establish a link between belonging to a group and socio-psychological factors. Results and its discussion. As Tab. 1 shows, the age of the participants in the study groups differed significantly. In GSAD, where the average age was 42, more than a third of the men (35.3 %) were single and an equal number (35.2 %) lived alone. In GMA, where the average age was 21, unmarried people prevailed, who mostly lived with their parents (74.65 %). However, these differences did not reflect real differences between the groups studied because the age of 21 is the beginning of a life journey, which is further associated with the formation of a family and changes in living conditions.
At the beginning of the study the relationship between belonging to the study group and the characteristics of child-rearing (growing up either in a two-parent family or in a single-parent family) was tested, which is reflected in Tab. 4, 5. GMA and GSAD group percentages and two-parent families and single-parent families group percentages in family sample coincided and were 67.3 and 32.7 %, respectively. Tab. 4 follows that in both groups the number of individuals raised in two-parent families was greater than in single-parent families; the distributions were almost indistinguishable and to the ratio of the shares of two-parent and single-parent families in the sample.

Т а b l e 4. Child-rearing features depending on the study groups
The absence of a significant relation between child-rearing conditions and group membership allowed statistical analysis to be performed not only according to the study group membership, but also according to the child-rearing conditions. Nowadays not being raised in a two-parent family is considered to be one of the factors responsible for the development of a variety of mental disorders (psychoactive substances abuse, schizophrenia, depression) among adults including the formation of suicidal behavior. The further analysis of the variables is performed as follows: 1) for the entire sample and for each study group (GMA, GSAD) the connection between the variable being studied and child-rearing conditions is checked (growing up in a two-parent or single-parent family); 2) for the entire sample and each child-rearing conditions its relation to the study group was tested.
No statistically significant differences could be found in assessing the presence of a connection between the child-rearing features (presence or absence of parental punishment and its severity) and group membership. It can only be noted that those who were punished in single-parent families dominated, regardless of their study group membership (Tab. 6).
T a b l e 6. Child-rearing features depending on the child-rearing conditions and the study groups

Child-rearing features
The entire sample Two-parent family Single-parent family Were A statistically significant connection of child-rearing conditions to a group membership was found only for those from two-parent families (Tab. 6). In the GMA group, the proportion of those raised in two-parent families who were not punished was more than half (53.3 %), in the GSAD it was 23.5 %. Thus, in contrast to GMA, persons from two-parent families in GSAD have the "punishment in childhood" factor. When comparing the groups on the indicator "level of education", statistically significant differences were found depending on the child-rearing conditions, taking into account the factor of group membership (Tab. 7). Among those raised in a single-parent family, individuals with secondary and secondary professional education predominated in the GMA group, in contrast to those raised in two-parent families. On this basis, it can be assumed that being raised in a single-parent family encourages young people to enter the profession early.  For those who grew up in a two-parent family, there was a statistically significant relation between the level of education and group membership, which manifested itself in the following patterns: 1. The proportion of persons with higher education in the GMA group is higher than in the GSAD group (39.1 % vs 14.7 %), despite differences in age. It can be increased by another 11.6 % due to the transition to it individuals from the category of incomplete higher education.
2. Only a small number of persons in the PCA group had a secondary education (13.0 %), and the proportion of these persons may be decreasing in the future. In GSAD more than one-third had no professional education (38.2 %). A change in the educational status of these individuals is unlikely in the future. Thus, the level of education was higher among GMA s raised in a two-parent family, despite marked age differences between the study groups. In assessing professional status only a few patterns emerged. They depend on child-rearing conditions (Tab. 8).  The majority of the participants worked despite marked age differences between the groups. However, the most significant connection (the achieved significance level of 0.119) was between the professional status and group membership for those who grew up in a two-parent family. In this category, the percentage of non-workers in the GMA group was 17.6 % and in the suicide group 35.3 %.
Examining the relationship of the temperament type with the other two variables statistically significant differences were obtained between the groups under study, and between the child-rearing conditions (Tab. 9, 10).
It was found that a phlegmatic type of temperament predominated among those who were born and raised in two-parent families in this group (60.7 %). The predominant type of temperament in the PCA group was melancholic regardless of child-rearing conditions. T a b l e 9. Temperament type depending on the group membership and the child-rearing conditions As Tab. 10 shows, there were differences between the groups in terms of type of temperament only among people from two-parent families. The proportion of the melancholics in the GMA group was significantly greater than in the GSAD group (65.3 and 32.1 %, respectively), and the proportion of the phlegmatics in the IULMS group was greater (60.7 % vs 13.9 %).
When studying the indicator "neuroticism", certain correlations were established depending on childrearing conditions (Tab. 11).
Ta ble 11. "Neuroticism" indicator depending on the child-rearing conditions and the study groups  Among those raised in the GSAD a two-parent family, the index of "neuroticism" was lower than in the PCA group, which agrees with the ratio of the phlegmatics in the GSAD and GMA raised in a twoparent family (60.7 and 13.9 %, respectively) (Tab. 12, 13).
In GSAD, individuals raised in a two-parent family had a lower level of "excitability" than those raised in a single-parent family (Tab. 12).
Among those raised in a two-parent GSAD family, the "excitability" level was lower than in the GMA group. The significance of this relationship determines the significance of the differences across the sample as a whole. Ta ble 12. "Excitability" indicator depending on the group membership and the child-rearing conditions "Excitability" indicator The entire sample GMA GSAD Two-parent family (п = 100) Single-parent family (п = 52)

Two-parent family (п = 73
Single-parent family (п = 33) T a b l e 13. Expression of "excitability" indicator depending on the upbringing features and the study groups  When comparing the groups in terms of "ostentatiousness" significant differences were also obtained depending on the child-rearing conditions (Tab. 14). The GMA group scored lower "ostentatiousness" indicator than the GSAD group regardless of the child-rearing conditions. Ta ble 14. "Ostentatiousness" indicator depending on the child-rearing conditions  The proportion of individuals with low ostentatiousness in GMA scores (0-12) high for both twoparent and single-parent families, which determined the low mean value of the ostentatiousness score for the individuals in this group. The significance of differences with GSAD in the two-parent family category determined the statistical significance of differences across the sample as a whole. Statistically significant differences on the indicator "hyperthymia" were found between the groups when taking into account the factor of child-rearing conditions (Tab. 15).
Among those raised in a two-parent family, there was a statistically significant prevalence of individuals with a lower level of hyperthymia in the GMA, in GSAD with a medium level of hyperthymia. The significance of the association between those from two-parent families also determined the significance across the sample On the "dysthymia" indicator, a statistically significant difference was obtained depending on childrearing conditions (Tab. 16,17).  As Tab. 16 shows, high level of dysthymia in GSAD (19-24) is significantly more common among people from single-parent families than among those raised in two-parent families. The severity of "dysthymia" was lower for GSAD compared to GMA among those who were born and raised in two-parent families (Tab. 17).
Ta ble 17. "Dysthymia" indicator depending on the child-rearing conditions  When assessing the "anxiety" indicator statistically significant differences depended on child-rearing conditions (Tab. 18).
Those raised in a two-parent family scored lower level of anxiety in the GSAD group than in the GMA group.
Results and discussion: statistically significant differences between the groups were mainly due to the presence of differences between individuals raised in two-parent families. These groups differed in phlegmatic type of temperament (prevailed in GSAD), character traits "excitability", "dysthymia" and "hyperthymia". The "excitability" and "dysthymia" indicators scored lower in the GSAD, and "hyperthymia" was average, in contrast to the GMA group where this indicator scored low and among whom melancholics predominated. The low indicators of "excitability" and "dysthymia" for phlegmatic individuals showed low mobility of mental processes and experiences, and could be responsible for difficulties in adaptive reactions and raise difficulties in solving current problems in life, thus causing the formation of suicidal behavior.
Statistical analysis revealed that it was typical for GSAD individuals raised in two-parent families, in addition to the phlegmatic type of temperament, be punished in childhood, have a lower level of education (secondary education predominated). They scored lower "neuroticism", "excitability", "dysthymia" and "anxiety". The "hyperthermia" indicator was average. T a b l e 18. Expression of "anxiety" indicator and depending on the upbringing characteristics and the study group  Low scores of "neuroticism", "excitability", "dysthymia", "anxiety" characterise the phlegmatic temperament. They associated with low ability to displace negative emotions that to be one of the factors contributing to the formation of suicidal behavior. It once more establishes the importance of the negative impact of stress traumatization of the child on adult mental health, which manifests itself in raising and formation of a variety of mental pathology (personality disorder, anxiety disorders, addictions, self-injurious behavior, etc.) [2].

Conclusions
1. Statistically significant differences between the groups under study were found on the following indicators: type of temperament, "excitability" and "dysthymia" and were put down to the presence of distinctions between individuals raised in two-parent families.
2. GSAD individuals raised in two-parent families were more often punished in childhood. They were characterized by the phlegmatic type of temperament, had a lower level of education, "neuroticism", "excitability", "dysthymia" and "anxiety" indicators.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.